UTAUT Model Implementation on User Behavior in Use of Information Technology

Purpose analyze and retest the technology use and acceptance model proposed by Venkatesh et al. (2003) where there are four main variables that affect user intention and user behavior in using information technology. Methodology this study uses a quantitative method, and data obtained using questionnaires. Sampling uses survey techniques with a total sample of 50 employees of the Tourism and Culture Office of Malang Regency. The analysis technique in processing data uses the SPSS program. Research findings this study shows that in the technology acceptance model, user intention and user behavior can be influenced by four variables such as performance, effort, social influence, and supporting conditions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jtmi.v6i1.4156


INTRODUCTION
Information technology provides many advantages to support the implementation of organizational tasks. According to Handayani (2010), the need for information technology has become a basic requirement for every organization, especially in carrying out its activities. This condition was driven by rapid technological development. Information technology is currently being developed marked by the number of companies or organizations that apply and use it for their activities. One of the factors to measure the success of information technology application is human resources because acceptance of system user can affect the achievement or disappointment of the application system. According to Jogiyanto (2008), behavioral aspects are human resource factors that can decide the acceptance or rejection of information technology applications. Previous studies have shown that the effect of successful technology [54] implementation is more on its behavioral aspects. The many facilities that are facilitated by the development of information technology directly affect the activities of the organization.
Besides providing benefits, sometimes there are also organizations that fail to apply and use information technology. Davis (1989) said that several factors, both internal and external factors cause the failure to apply information technology systems in organizations. Many information technology systems fail because of the technical aspects, namely the poor technical quality of the system, also due to syntax errors, logical errors, and even incorrect information. The technical quality of information technology systems has undergone many improvements, but it cannot be avoided that here is also an information system that fails in its implementation (Jogiyanto, 2007). Jogiyanto (2007) also said that the cause of failure in the present period is more likely to be a behavioral aspect. System user behavior is formed from user attitudes and perceptions of information system applications. Venkatesh et al. (2003) developed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) which explains the user of acceptance of information technology, This model combines eight models of information technology usage that were successfully developed before. This model shows the performance expectation, the effort expectation, social influence, and supporting conditions influence the interest to use and the behavior to use technology. As a gender, age, experience, and the voluntaries of use moderate those four factors before. Venkatesh et al. (2003) states that there is a significant and positive relationship between performance expectation, the effort expectation, and social influence to the interest in using information technology and a significant and positive relationship between interest in using information technology and condition that help users to use information technology.
The Tourist and Culture Office of Malang Regency has used information technology in carrying out its duties, including the Regional Management Information System (SIMDA), Regional Goods Management Information System (SIMBADA), Personal Information System (SIMPEG), E-Budgeting and others. Until now it was felt that the utilization of information technology was still not optimal. This condition can be seen from the rarity of employees who access the system. Several researchers have adopted and use the UTAUT model to explain the organizational behavior (users) in using information technology and are expected to explain the user behavior in using information technology in the Tourist and Culture Office of Malang Regency

Performance expectation with behavioral intention
Performance expectation is the convictions of an individual in enhanching performance by way of using a system that helps their duties. Venkatesh et al. (2003) described the benefits of the system for its users with regard to usability, motivation, job-fit, and relative benefits. Continuous system use by users and the assumption ease get admission to information shows the level of interest of users in using information technology. Usability, motivation, and benefits acquired from the use of information technology will encourage users to use that information technology to improve their performance. Based on the description, the hypothesis is: H1: there is a relationship between performance expectation and interest in using information technology (behavioral intention)

Effort expectation with behavioral intention
Effort expectation is conveniently obtained by the system users both energy and time to complete the work. Venkatesh et al. (2003) combined three variables found in the earlier model, such as perceived ease of use (TAM/Technology Acceptance Model), the complexity (Model of PC Utilization), and the ease of use (IDT/Innovation Diffusion Theory). The convenience obtained from the use of information technology will make users express their interest that the system has the ease and convenience of working with the system (Venkatesh and Davis, 2000). Based on the description, the hypothesis is:

H2: there is a relationship between effort expectation and interest in using information technology (behavioral intention) Social influence with behavioral intention
Social influence is defined as an outside influence or other people through the support of coworkers, superiors, and organizations in convincing a person to use a new system (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Support from other people to a system user will improve their performance in utilizing the system. This means that social factors have a positive effect on the use of information technology (Triandis, 1980in Tjhai, 2003. Likewise, Venkatesh et al. (2003) which stated that there was a positive and significant relationship between social influence to the interest in using information technology, then the hypothesis is as follows:

Supporting conditions with behavioral intention
Supporting conditions are organizational support and technical support in the form of infrastructure that facilitates the usage of the system. The convenience will increase interest in the use of information technology and will produce usage behavior that can support performance to be better (Triandis, 1980). Conditions that help the usage of information technology are one of the factors that influence the usage of information technology (Schultz and Slevien, 1975 Behavioral intention with user behavior The behavior of using information technology is the intensity and or frequency of users in using information technology. Triandis (1980) suggested that the social factors, feelings, and perceived consequences affect a person's behavior in expressing their desires or interests. The behavior of using information technology is very dependent on the evaluation of users of the system, whether the systems get success or get failure. Thompson et al. (1991)  tabulated, and analyzed using the SPSS program. This study uses the independent variable performance expectation (X1) with indicators of relative-advantage, perceivedusefulness, and outcome expectation. Effort expectation variable (X2) using indicators ease of use, and perceived ease of use. Social influence variable (X3) using indicators of subjective norms and social factors. Supporting conditions variable (X4) using perceived behavioral control and supporting conditions, while the dependent variable behavioral intention (Y1) using indicator of an intention to use, and use behavior variable (Y2) using indicator of the intensity of use, based on the Venkatesh et al. model (2003).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The test results show that the instruments used in this study are valid and reliable. The results of the validity test using SPSS show that each item variable in this study is valid, rvalue > rtable (0.275). The results of the reliability test indicate that the alpha reliability coefficient of each variable is greater than 0.60, so the study analysis can be done. The indicators of the performance expectation show that the perceived usefulness has the highest mean value, this means that the use of the system will facilitate the work and make it possible to complete tasks faster. Indicators of effort expectation show the perceived ease of use has the highest mean value, which means employees feel easy in using and understanding information technology. Indicators of social influence indicate that social factors have the highest mean value which mean that organizational support in the use of information technology is very high. Indicators of supporting conditions indicate that behavior control has the highest mean value, meaning that respondents have adequate knowledge and resources in the use of information technology. The use behavior indicator shows that the frequency of employees in using information technology is influenced by the interest of employees in utilizing existing information technology. The following results show the test for causality analysis: [57] The figure above shows that performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, and supporting conditions affect the behavioral intention and user behavior in using information technology. The results also show that observation data are distributes normally with Sig. (0.375). The autocorrelation test results is 1.456, so multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity do not occur in this study. The following table shows statistical results and hypothesis: The table above shows the results of performance expectation variable obtained tcount (2.797) > ttable (1.679), and Sig. (0.008) < alpha (0.05), so the hypothesis is accepted. This shows that the performance expectation variable (X1) to behavioral intention (Y1) has a significant influence. The effort expectation variable obtained tcount (2.279)>ttable (1.679) and Sig. (0.027) < alpha (0.05), so the hypothesis is accepted. This shows that the effort expectation variable (X2) to behavioral intention (Y1) has a significant influence. The social influence variable obtained tcount (2.357) > ttable (1.679), and Sig. (0.023) < alpha (0.05), so the hypothesis is accepted. This shows that the social influence variable (X3) to behavioral intention (Y1) has a significant influence. The supporting conditions variable obtained tcount (2.231) > ttable (1.679), and Sig. (0.031) < alpha (0.05), so the hypothesis is accepted. This shows that the supporting conditions variable (X4) to behavioral intention (Y1) has a significant influence. The results of behavioral intention variable obtained tcount (6.481) > ttable (1.677), and Sig. (0.000) < alpha (0.05), so the hypothesis is accepted. This indicates that the variable behavioral intention (Y1) to use behavior (Y2) has a significant influence. The hypothesis test results prove that behavioral intention is significantly influenced by performance expectation. The indicators used are relative-advantage, perceived-usefulness, and outcome expectation. Most respondents think that utilizing information technology can offer a performance advantage in their work such as easier and faster, increasing productivity, and increasing effectiveness. This finding is by the results of Venkatesh et al. (2003) where performance expectation has a positive influence on the interest in using information technology (behavioral intention). Indicators of effort expectation used in this study were ease of use and perceived ease of use. The hypothesis test results state that most of the respondents have the perception that it does not need hard effort in utilizing information technology because it is simple to understand, simple to master, and simple to use. This result is by the findings of Venkatesh and Davis (1996) and Venkatesh et al. (2003) which stated that the interest in using information technology (behavioral intention) influenced by effort expectation.
The results of the hypothesis test using social influence indicators of subjective norms and social factors obtained data showed the average respondent stated that the environment, organization, and leadership policies could affect the usage of information technology. This findings is the same as Triandis (1980) in Tjhai (2003), Venkatesh et al. (2003), and Handayani (2007) which stated that social influence variable has an influence on behavioral intention.
The condition that support directly influence the interest in using information technology. The respondents feel they have the resources and knowledge to use information technology, the adequate systems, and experts when obstacles, and the frequency of use of information technology are very high in completing work. So those supporting conditions resulted in greater interest in the use of information technology. This findings supports Schultz and Slevien (1975)  The results also show that behavioral intention has a direct positive influence on the use of behavior of information technology. Based on these results it can be interpreted that the higher the interest in using information technology, the higher the use of information technology by employees so that the results of the work obtained will be more ideal. This finding is similar to Thompson et al. (1991), and Venkatesh et al. (2003) were both stated that behavioral intention has a positive relationship with the user behavior of information technology.
The four variables such as performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, and supporting conditions together can increase behavioral intention, and among the four independent variables, the performance expectation variable is the most dominant. This proves that the expected performance gains from the use of information technology in completing work, productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency are very stron. This finding is like Sedana and Wijaya (2010), Kristoforus and Andayani (2013) which stated that four variables above have a significant influence on behavioral intention.

CONCLUSION
According to the mean values of descriptive analysis of each variable, this study shows that the average respondent agrees to the variable such as performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, supporting condition, behavioral intention, and user behavior, and all variables are proper to analyze. Based on the results of the analysis, performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, and supporting conditions has a significant influence on behavioral intention to use, so the hypothesis concludes that there are joint (simultaneous) influences of the four independent variables to behavioral intention variable are acceptable. The results of other analysis show that behavioral intention has a significant influence to user behavior so it can be concluded that there is an effect of variables of interest in the use of actual usage behavior can be accepted. Among the four independent variables in this study, the performance expectation variable is the most dominant variable. The results of the F-test and ttest are used to find the effect of each independent variables and dependent variables. Based on the test results obtained all independent variables have a significant influence on interest in use (behavioral intention) and behavioral intention influence user behavior. This study still has limitation, therefore it still requires improvement in the next study. From the analysis results obtained by R-square (0.847), which means that the four independent variables influence the 84.7% of variables of behavioral intention, while 15.3% are other variables that have not been studied, such as gender, age, experience, and the voluntaries of use. Addition of other variables or indicators might be needed to enrich the model in the next study.