Temporal Energy Signatures in Tropical Mixed-Use Buildings: An IoT-Driven Framework for Occupancy-Responsive Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26905/jeemecs.v8i2.15748Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), Renewable Energy, Energy monitoring system, building energy behaviorAbstract
Rising energy demand in rapidly urbanizing Indonesia necessitates efficient management strategies for mixed-use buildings. This study implements a cloud-IoT platform (ennexOS®) to monitor high-resolution (5-min interval) electricity consumption and solar generation (18.36 kWp PV) across two educational buildings in West Java (2023–2024). Analysis quantified three key insights, such as a Stable annual grid consumption (729.78 MWh) despite marginal PV generation growth (1.92→2.07 MWh), a Seasonal fluctuation driven by climate (*r* = 0.51 with temperature) and occupancy (e.g., Ramadan), with peak demand in October (75.17 MWh) and minimum demand in April (42.14 MWh), and Diurnal regimes revealing occupancy-dominant patterns: nighttime baseline (00:00–06:00), daytime surge (07:00–18:00), and evening decline (18:00–24:00), with residential HVAC sustaining 43.4% of total load. Results demonstrate cloud-IoT’s critical role in profiling energy behavior for targeted interventions (e.g., occupancy-responsive HVAC, pump optimization). The framework enables future machine-learning integration for predictive management in tropical climates. Findings advocate scalable IoT deployments to advance Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) in mixed-use environments, directly supporting high-impact publication avenues focused on sustainable urbanization and smart infrastructure
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