The level of conservatism and earnings management during IFRS adoption

Yie Ke Feliana, Jessica Bagus

Abstract


We analysis to determine the level of conservatism and earnings management in the period of IFRS adoption in Indonesia. We used a quantitative approach and was tested using a different group test, i.e. Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, and MANOVA. The object of this research is all manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2012-2017. The number of samples used in this research is 516 firm-years. Earnings management is measured by two approaches, i.e. accrual earnings management and real earnings management, while conservatism is measured by Basu Model. The level of conservatism and earnings management in this study focuses on after the IFRS adoption period. We reveal that IFRS adoption does not change accounting conservatism in financial statements. In addition, the greater adoption of IFRS is not able to reduce the level of overall earnings management both in accrual earnings management and real earnings management.

JEL Classification: C33, M41, G02

 

How to Cite:

Feliana, Y. K., & Bagus, J. (2020). The level of conservatism and earnings management during IFRS adoption. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 24(1), 53-67.

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v24i1.3294


Keywords


Accrual Earnings Management, Conservatism,IFRS, Real Earnings Management

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmed, A. S., Neel, M., & Wang, D. (2013) Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(4), 1344-1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01193.x

Baig, M., & Khan, S. A. (2016). Impact of IFRS on earnings management: Comparison of pre-post IFRS era in Pakistan. Proceedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.043

Ball, R., Kothari, S. P., & Robin, A. (2000). The effect of international institutional factors on properties of accounting earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 29(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(00)00012-4

Ball, R., Kothari, S. P., & Nikolaev, V. V. (2013). On estimating conditional conservatism. The Accounting Review, 88(3), 755-787. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50371

Ball, R., Robin, A., & Wu, J. S. (2003). Incentives versus standards: properties of accounting income in four East Asian countries. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 36(1-3), 235–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2003.10.003

Ball, R., & Shivakumar, L. (2005). Earnings quality in UK private firms: Comparative loss recognition timeliness. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(1), 83-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.04.001

Ball, R., & Shivakumar, L. (2006). The role of accruals in asymmetrically timely gain and loss recognition. Journal of Accounting Research, 44(2), 207-242.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2006.00198.x

Barth, M. E., Landsman, W. R., & Lang, M. H. (2008). International accounting standards and accounting quality. Journal of Accounting Research, 46(3), 467-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2008.00287.x

Basu, S. (1997). The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 24(1), 3–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(97)00014-1

Brice, M., Ali, M. J., & Math, P.R. (2015). Accounting quality in the pre-/post-IFRS adoption periods and the impact on audit committee effectiveness—Evidence from Australia. Pacific Basin Journal, 35, 163-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2014.12.002

Callao, S & Jarne J. I. (2010). Have IFRS affected earnings management in the European Union? Accounting in Europe, 7(2), 159–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2010.511896

Capkun, V., Collins D., & Jeanjean T. (2016). The effect of IAS/IFRS adoption on earnings management (smoothing): A closer look at competing explanations. Journal Accounting Public Policy, 35(4), 352–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2016.04.002

Christensen, H. B, Lee, E., Walker, M., & Zeng, C. (2015). Incentive or standards: what determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption? European Accounting Review, 4(1), 31-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2015.1009144

Conover, C. M., Miller, R. E., & Szakmary, A. (2008). The timeliness of accounting disclosures in international security markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17(5), 849-869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2007.07.002

Dietrich, D., Muller, K., & Riedl, E. (2007). Asymmetric timeliness tests of accounting conservatism. Review of Accounting Studies, 12(1), 95-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-006-9023-y

Dimitropoulos, P. E., Asteriou, D., Kousenidis, D., & Leventis, S. (2013). The impact of IFRS on accounting quality: Evidence from Greece. Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting, 29(1), 108-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2013.03.004

Doukakis, L. C. (2014) The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on real and accrual-based earnings management activities. Journal Accounting Public Policy, 33(6), 551–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2014.08.006

Guenther, N., Gegenfurtner, B., Kaserer, C., & Achleitner, A. K. (2009). International financial reporting standards and earnings quality: The myth of voluntary vs.mandatory adoption. CEFS Working Paper No. 2009-09.

Gigler, F., & Hemmer, T. (2001) Conservatism, optimal disclosure policy, and the timeliness of financial reports. The Accounting Review 76(4), 471-493. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2001.76.4.471

Givoly, D., Hayn, C., & Natarajan, A. (2007) Measuring reporting conservatism. The Accounting Review, 82(1), 65-106. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.1.65

Hellman, N. (2011). Soft adoption and reporting incentives: A study of the impact of IFRS on financial statements in Sweden. Journal of International Accounting Research, 10(1), 61-63. https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar.2011.10.1.61

Hou, Q., Jin, Q., & Wang, L. (2014). Mandatory IFRS adoption and executive compensation: Evidence from China. China Journal Accounting Research, 7(1), 9-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2013.09.003

Iatridis, G., & Rouvolis, S. (2010). The post-adoption effects of the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards in Greece. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 19(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2009.12.004

IFRS Foundation (2018). Use of IFRS Standards around the World.

Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI). (2018). Standar Akuntansi Keuangan per 1 Januari 2018.

Jeanjen, T., & Stolowy, H. (2008). Do accounting standards matter? An exploratory analysis of earnings management before and after IFRS adoption. Journal of Accounting Public Policy, 27(6), 480-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2008.09.008

Jensen, M. C., & W. H. Meckling (1976). Theory of the firm: managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x

Kothari, S. P., Leone, A. J., & Wasley, C. E. (2005). Performance matched discretionary accrual measures. Journal of Accounting & Economics, 39(1), 163–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2004.11.002

Leuz, C., Nanda, D., & Wysocki, P. (2003) Earnings management and investor protection: An international comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, 505-528. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.281832

Lippens, M. (2008). The mandatory introduction of IFRS as a single accounting standard in the European Union and the effect on earnings management. Master Thesis. Erasmus University Rotterdam, 81-103.

Malikov, K., Manson, S., & Coakley, J. (2018). Earnings management using classification shifting of revenues. The British Accounting Review, 50(3), 291-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2017.10.004

Manganaris, P., Spathis, C., & Dasilas, A. (2015). The effects of mandatory IFRS adoption and conditional conservatism on European bank values. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 24, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2015.02.004

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) (2016). Surat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 30/SEOJK.04/2016 tentang Bentuk dan Isi Laporan Tahunan Emiten atau Perusahaan Publik.

Oz, I. O., & Yelkenci, T. (2018) Examination of real and accrual earnings management: A cross-country analysis of legal origin under IFRS. International Review of Financial Analysis, 58, 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.04.003

Patatoukas, P. N., & Thomas, J. K. (2011). More evidence of bias in the differential timeliness measure of conditional conservatism. The Accounting Review, 86(5), 765–1793. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10101

Pelucio-Grecco, M. C., Geron, C. M. S., Grecco, G. B., & Lima, J. P. C. (2014). The effect of IFRS on earnings management in Brazilian non-financial public companies. Emerging Markets Review, 21, 42–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2014.07.001

Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings management through real activities manipulations. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42(3), 335-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2006.01.002

Scott, W. R. (2015). Financial Accounting Theory. 7th Edition. Pearson.

Spiceland, J. D., Nelson, M. W., Thomas, W. B., Tan, P., Low, B., & Low, K.Y. (2018). Intermediate Accounting. 2nd Global edition. Mc Graw Hill.

Trimble, M. (2018). A reinvestigation into accounting quality following global IFRS adoption: Evidence via earnings distributions. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 33, 18-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2018.09.001

Wang, Y. & Campbell, M. (2012). Corporate governance, earnings management, and IFRS: Empirical evidence from Chinese domestically listed companies. Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting, 28(1), 189-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.03.007

Zéghal, D., Chtourou, S., & Sellami, Y. M. (2011). An Analysis of the effect of mandatory adoption of IAS/IFRS on earnings management. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 20(2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2011.06.001




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v24i1.3294

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan (Journal of Finance and Banking)

Diploma Program of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Merdeka Malang

Published by University of Merdeka Malang

Mailing Address:
2nd floor Finance and Banking Building, Jl. Terusan Raya Dieng No. 57 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Phone: +62 813-3180-1534
Email: jkp@unmer.ac.id

This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0