The Effect of Family Ownership on the Relationship between Busy Directors and Stock Price Crash Risk for Listed Firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Siti Fatimah Zachro, Cynthia Afriani Utama

Abstract


This study explores the impact of busy directors on the stock price crash risk if an individual holds three or more board positions. Since Indonesia has adopted a two-tier system, directors refer to Commissioners. Most of the literature suggests that the main risk factor for stock price crashes arises from the tendency of management to withhold adverse news from investors regarding compensation contracts and career issues. This research aims to verify whether busy directors help to limit managerial opportunistic behavior. Results show that multiple positions bring no effect on the stock price crashes risk due to cross over interaction which negated the substantial effect on the risk of stock price crashes. As a country with high family ownership concentration, the results illustrate that family firms in Indonesia will strengthen the influence of Commissioners who hold multiple positions in reducing stock price crashes risk. This investigation uses a sample of companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period between 2014 and 2019. The generalized method of moment (GMM estimator) is used as a research method to reduce endogeneity problems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i1.4909

 


Keywords


busy directors, board of commissioner, family firms, stock price crash risk

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adams, R. B., Hermalin, B. E., & Weisbach, M. S. (2010). The role of boards of directors in corporate governance: A conceptual framework and survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(1), 58–107. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.58

Ali, A., Chen, T. Y., & Radhakrishnan, S. (2007). Corporate disclosures by family firms. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 44(1–2), 238–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.01.006

An, H., & Zhang, T. (2013). Stock price synchronicity, crash risk, and institutional investors. Journal of Corporate Finance, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2013.01.001

Andreou, P. C., Antoniou, C., Horton, J., & Louca, C. (2016). Corporate Governance and Firm-specific Stock Price Crashes. European Financial Management, 22(5), 916–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/eufm.12084

Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968

Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D

Bae, K. H., Lim, C., & John Wei, K. C. (2006). Corporate governance and conditional skewness in the world’s stock markets. Journal of Business, 79(6), 2999–3028. https://doi.org/10.1086/508006

Barontini, R., & Caprio, L. (2006). The effect of family control on firm value and performance. European Financial Management, 12(5), 689–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-036X.2006.00273.X

Bates, D. S. (2000). Post-’87 crash fears in the S&P 500 futures option market. Journal of Econometrics, 94(1–2), 181–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(99)00021-4

Beasley, M. S. (1996). An emperical analysis of relation between directors and financial fraud. In The Accounting Review (Vol. 71, Issue 4, pp. 443–465).

Bleck, A., & Liu, X. (2007). Market transparency and the accounting regime. Journal of Accounting Research, 45(2), 229–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2007.00231.x

Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (2000). blundell-Bond-ER.pdf. 19(3).

Booth, J. R., & Deli, D. N. (1996). Factors affecting the number of outside directorships held by CEOs. Journal of Financial Economics, 40(1), 81–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(95)00838-6

Callen, J. L., & Fang, X. (2013). Institutional investor stability and crash risk: Monitoring versus short-termism? Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(8), 3047–3063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.02.018

Campbell, J. Y., & Hentschel, L. (1992). No news is good news. An asymmetric model of changing volatility in stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 31(3), 281–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(92)90037-X

Chang, X., Chen, Y., & Zolotoy, L. (2017). Stock Liquidity and Stock Price Crash Risk. In Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (Vol. 52, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109017000473

Chang, Y. C., Kao, M. S., & Kuo, A. (2014). The influences of governance quality on equity-based entry mode choice: The strengthening role of family control. International Business Review, 23(5), 1008–1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.03.003

Chen, J., Hong, H., & Stein, J. C. (2001). Forecasting crashes: Trading volume, past returns, and conditional skewness in stock prices. Journal of Financial Economics, 61(3), 345–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(01)00066-6

Chen, X., Harford, J., & Li, K. (2007). Monitoring: Which institutions matter? Journal of Financial Economics, 86(2), 279–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.09.005

Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1995). Dechow_et_al_1995.pdf. In The accounting Review (Vol. 70, Issue 20, pp. 193–225).

Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Agency Problems and Residual Claims. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 327–349. https://doi.org/10.1086/467038

Fich, E. M., & Shivdasani, A. (2012). Are busy boards effective monitors? Corporate Governance: Recent Developments and New Trends, 9783642315(2), 221–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31579-4_10

Field, L., Lowry, M., & Mkrtchyan, A. (2013). Are busy boards detrimental? Journal of Financial Economics, 109(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.02.004

Gallucci, C., Santulli, R., & Calabrò, A. (2015). Does family involvement foster or hinder firm performance? The missing role of family-based branding strategies. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 6(3), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.07.003

Gomez-mejia, L. R., Cruz, C., Berrone, P., & Castro, J. De. (2016). The Bind that Ties : Socioemotional Wealth Preservation in Family Firms The Bind that Ties : Socioemotional Wealth Preservation in Family Firms. The Academy of Management Annals, 6520(October), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2011.593320

Habib, A., & Hasan, M. M. (2016). Auditor-provided tax services and stock price crash risk. Accounting and Business Research, 46(1), 51–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2015.1035222

Harvey, C. R., & Siddique, A. (2000). American Finance Association Conditional Skewness in Asset Pricing Tests. The Journal of Finance, 55(3), 1263–1295. http://www.jstor.org/stable/222452

Harymawan, I., Nasih, M., Ratri, M. C., & Nowland, J. (2019). CEO busyness and firm performance: evidence from Indonesia. Heliyon, 5(5), e01601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01601

Hong, H., & Stein, J. C. (2003). Differences of Opinion, Short-Sales Constraints, and Market Crashes. Review of Financial Studies, 16(2), 487–525. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhg006

Hutton, A. P., Marcus, A. J., & Tehranian, H. (2009). Opaque financial reports, R2, and crash risk. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(1), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.10.003

Jebran, K., Chen, S., & Zhang, R. (2020). Board diversity and stock price crash risk. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101122

Jin, L., & Myers, S. C. (2006). R2 around the world: New theory and new tests. Journal of Financial Economics, 79(2), 257–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.11.003

Kaplan, S. N., & Reishus, D. (1990). Outside directorships and corporate performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 27(2), 389–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(90)90061-4

Kim, J. B., Li, L., Lu, L. Y., & Yu, Y. (2016). Financial statement comparability and expected crash risk. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61(2–3), 294–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.12.003

Kim, J. B., Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2011a). CFOs versus CEOs: Equity incentives and crashes. Journal of Financial Economics, 101(3), 713–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.013

Kim, J. B., Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2011b). Corporate tax avoidance and stock price crash risk: Firm-level analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 100(3), 639–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.07.007

Kim, J. B., & Zhang, L. (2014). Financial reporting opacity and expected crash risk: Evidence from implied volatility smirks. Contemporary Accounting Research, 31(3), 851–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12048

Kim, J. B., & Zhang, L. (2016). Accounting Conservatism and Stock Price Crash Risk: Firm-level Evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, 33(1), 412–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12112

Kim V, J.-B., & Zhang, L. (2012). Accounting Conservatism and Stock Price Crash Risk : Firm level Evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, Forthcoming, 412–441.

Kothari, S. P., Shu, S., & Wysocki, P. D. (2009). Do managers withhold bad news. Journal of Accounting Research, 47(1), 241–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2008.00318.x

Li, W., & Cai, G. (2016). Religion and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China. China Journal of Accounting Research, 9(3), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2016.04.003

Li, X., Wang, S. S., & Wang, X. (2017). Trust and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China. Journal of Banking and Finance, 76(2004), 74–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.12.003

Lind, D. A., Marchal, W. G., & Wathen, S. A. (2018). Statistical Techniques in Business &. In Economics.

Masulis, R. W., & Mobbs, S. (2014). Independent director incentives: Where do talented directors spend their limited time and energyα. Journal of Financial Economics, 111(2), 406–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.10.011

Miralles-Marcelo, J. L., Miralles-Quirós, M. del M., & Lisboa, I. (2014). The impact of family control on firm performance: Evidence from Portugal and Spain. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.03.002

Oudah, M., Jabeen, F., & Dixon, C. (2018). Determinants linked to family business sustainability in the UAE: An AHP approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010246

Pearson, A. W., Carr, J. C., & Shaw, J. C. (2008). Toward a theory of familiness: A social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 32(6 SPEC. ISS.), 949–969. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00265.x

Pritchard, A. C., Ferris, S. P., & Jagannathan, M. (2003). Too Busy to Mind the Business? Monitoring by Directors with Multiple Board Appointments Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons, and the Securities Law Commons. The Journal of Finance, LVIII(3), 1087–1111. http://repository.law.umich.edu/articles

Srinidhi, B., & Liao, Q. (2020). Family firms and crash risk: Alignment and entrenchment effects. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 100204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2020.100204

Taras, V., Memili, E., Wang, Z., & Harms, H. (2018). Family involvement in publicly traded firms and firm performance: a meta-analysis. Management Research Review, 41(2), 225–251. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2017-0150

Tilba, A., & Mcnulty, T. (2013). Engaged versus Disengaged Ownership: The Case of Pension Funds in the UK. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 21(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2012.00933.x

Utama*, C., & Utama**, S. (2019). Board of Commissioners in Corporate Governance, Firm Performance, and Ownership Structure. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES, 12(2), 111-136. Retrieved from http://www.journal.prasetiyamulya.ac.id/index.php/jurnalirjbs/article/view/1345

Villalonga, B., Amit, R. H., Trujillo, M.-A., & Guzmán, A. (2015). Governance of Family Firms Belén Villalonga. 1–43.

Wintoki, M. B., Linck, J. S., & Netter, J. M. (2012). Endogeneity and the dynamics of internal corporate governance. Journal of Financial Economics, 105(3), 581–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.03.005

Yeung, W. H., & Lento, C. (2018). Ownership structure, audit quality, board structure, and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China. Global Finance Journal, 37(October 2017), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2018.04.002

Indonesia Capital Market Law 1995

Indonesia Company Law 2007

Indonesia Financial Service Authority Rule POJK No. 33 Year 2014

PSAK No. 1 (Revised 2009)




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i1.4909

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan (Journal of Finance and Banking)

Diploma Program of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Merdeka Malang

Published by University of Merdeka Malang

Mailing Address:
2nd floor Finance and Banking Building, Jl. Terusan Raya Dieng No. 57 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Phone: +62 813-3180-1534
Email: jkp@unmer.ac.id

This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0