Exploring the impact of digital tourism experience on behavioral intentions: the role of vivid memory among international visitors to Surabaya

Authors

  • Putri Karen Michelle Angelie School of Business and Management Petra Christian University Surabaya Indonesia
  • Yoceline Amanda School of Business and Management Petra Christian University Surabaya Indonesia
  • Serli Wijaya Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-3157
  • Regina Jokom School of Business and Management Petra Christian University Surabaya Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26905/jpp.v10i1.15238

Keywords:

behavior intentions, digital experience, digital technology, surabaya, tourism, vivid memory

Abstract

The development of digital technology affects our daily life, including the tourism industry. The trend of digital tourism or smart tourism technology in a tourist destination can increase the uniqueness and value of a tourist destination. This research aims to analyze the influence of digital experience on foreign tourists’ behavioral intentions in Surabaya with vivid memory as a mediation variable. Digital experience refers to experiences obtained through digital technology, such as websites, social media, and destination applications. Vivid experiences that cause vivid memories, often encourage tourist behavior, such as revisit intentions or recommendations to others. This research uses quantitative methods with Partial Least Squares (PLS) data analysis techniques involving 147 foreign tourists who are or have visited Surabaya. The research results show that digital experience has a positive and significant influence on vivid memory and tourists' behavioral intentions. Vivid memory is proven to act as a mediating variable in the relationship between digital experience and behavioral intentions.

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References

Ahn, Y. joo, Hyun, S. S., & Kim, I. (2016). Vivid-memory formation through experiential value in the context of the international industrial exhibition. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 34(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1156617

Apa itu revolusi industri? Ini sejarah perkembangan, dan dampaknya (2023, June 1). Koran Tempo. https://koran.tempo.co/read/ekonomi-dan-bisnis/482384/sejarah-perkembangan-dan-dampak-revolusi-industri

Azis, N., Amin, M., Chan, S., & Aprilia, C. (2020). How smart tourism technologies affect tourist destination loyalty. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 11(4), 603–625. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2020-0005

Bayih, B. E., & Singh, A. (2020). Modelling domestic tourism: Motivations, satisfaction and tourist behavioral intentions. Heliyon, 6(9). 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04839

Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301

Câmara, E., Pocinho, M., Agapito, D., & de Jesus, S. N. (2023). Meaningful experiences in tourism: A systematic review of psychological constructs. European Journal of Tourism Research, 34. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2964

Chen, X., Cheng, Z. feng, & Kim, G. B. (2020). Make it memorable: Tourism experience, fun, recommendation and revisit intentions of Chinese outbound tourists. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(5), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051904

Coelho, M. de F., Gosling, M. de S., & Almeida, A. S. A. de. (2018). Tourism experiences: Core processes of memorable trips. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.08.004

Cuomo, M. T., Tortora, D., Foroudi, P., Giordano, A., Festa, G., & Metallo, G. (2021). Digital transformation and tourist experience co-design: Big social data for planning cultural tourism. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120345.

Dorcic, J., Komsic, J., & Markovic, S. (2019). Mobile technologies and applications towards smart tourism–state of the art. Tourism Review, 74(1), 82-103.

Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 26. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2020). Partial least squares: Konsep, teknik, dan aplikasi menggunakan program smartPLS 3.0 (2nd ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang.

Gretzel, U. (2022). The smart DMO: A new step in the digital transformation of destination management organizations. European Journal of Tourism Research, 30, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v30i.2589

Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.003

Hadijah, S., “Teknologi digital: Pengertian, perkembangan, kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Cermati, 2023, https://www.cermati.com/artikel/teknologi-digital. Accessed 14 August. 2024.

Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K., & Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation. Information and Management, 54(6), 757–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.11.010

Huang, T. L., Chung, H. F. L., & Chen, X. (2023). Digital modality richness drives vivid memory experience. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 17(6), 921–939. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-10-2022-0334

Ittamalla, R., & Srinivas K, D. V. (2019). Role of service experience on vivid memory and loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 22(2), 190–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1598910

Jeong, M., & Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464–1477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519883034

Juliana, J., Sianipar, R., Lemy, D. M., Pramezwary, A., Pramono, R., & Djakasaputra, A. (2023). Factors Influencing visitor satisfaction and revisit intention in Lombok tourism: The role of holistic experience, experience quality, and vivid memory. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(8), 2503–2511. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180821

Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif / Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia. “Strategi Digital Tourism dalam Menggaet Wisatawan”. Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif / Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia, 2021, https://kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/Strategi-Digital-Tourism-dalam-Menggaet-Wisatawan. Accessed 24 June. 2024.

Kusuma, G. “Mengenal smart tourism : Masa depan pariwisata yang lebih cerdas”. Magister Pariwisata Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,2023, https://mpar.upi.edu/mengenal-smart-tourism-masa-depan-pariwisata-yang-lebih-cerdas/. Accessed 14 July. 2024.

Loureiro, S. M. C., Breazeale, M., & Radic, A. (2019). Happiness with rural experience: Exploring the role of tourist mindfulness as a moderator. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 25(3), 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766719849975

Navío-Marco, J., Ruiz-Gómez, L. M., & Sevilla-Sevilla, C. (2018). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 30 years on and 20 years after the internet - Revisiting Buhalis & Law’s landmark study about eTourism. Tourism Management, 69, 460–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.002

Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2014). A Typology of Technology-Enhanced Tourism Experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1958

Ningsih, A. K., & Nugraha, J. (2023). SURABAYA-SMART SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: KONSEP SMART TOURISM TERINTEGRASI DENGAN STRATEGI DEEP PENTAHELIX SEBAGAI LANDASAN PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PARIWISATA DI SURABAYA. Jurnal Akuntansi, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Bisnis, 3(2), 204-214.

No, E., & Kim, J. K. (2015). Comparing the attributes of online tourism information sources. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 564–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.063

Pai, C., Kang, S., Liu, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2021). An examination of revisit intention based on perceived smart tourism technology experience. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13021007

Preko, A., Amoako, G. K., Dzogbenuku, R. K., & Kosiba, J. (2023). Digital tourism experience for tourist site revisit: an empirical view from Ghana. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 779–796. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2021-0294

Purnamaningsih, P., Erhan, T. P., & Rizkalla, N. (2019). Behavioral intention towards application-based short-distance delivery services adoption in Indonesia. Review of Behavioral Aspect in Organizations and Society, 1(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.32770/rbaos.vol177-86

Rather, R. A. (2020). Customer experience and engagement in tourism destinations: the experiential marketing perspective. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1686101

Riswandy, S. R., Nugroho, A., & Widiastiwi, Y. (2021). Teknologi dan Informasi Di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa Bidang Ilmu Komputer dan Aplikasinya (Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 214-220).

Reyes, Christine. “What is a Digital Experience?”. Liferay, n.d., https://www.liferay.com/resources/l/digital-experience. Accessed 26 July. 2024.

Sobarna, A. (2021). “Pengaruh Wisata Virtual Reality (VR) terhadap Niat Berperilaku Wisatawan.” Prosiding The 12th Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar Bandung, 4-5 August 2021. file:///C:/Users/PC-123/Downloads/2935-Article%20Text-7307-1-10-20210829.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2024.

Stankov, U., & Gretzel, U. (2020). Tourism 4.0 technologies and tourist experiences: a human-centered design perspective. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(3), 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00186-y

Tandafatu, N. K., Ermilinda, L., & Darkel, Y. B. M. (2024). Digital transformation in tourism: Exploring the impact of technology on travel experiences. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Sciences and Technologies, 1(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.62207/w3vsg352

Topsakal, Y., Icoz, O., & Icoz, O. (2022). Digital transformation and tourist experiences. In Handbook of research on digital communications, internet of things, and the future of cultural tourism (pp. 19-41). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Um, T., & Chung, N. (2019). Does smart tourism technology matter? Lessons from three smart tourism cities in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 396–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1595691

Wei, C., Zhao, W., Zhang, C., & Huang, K. (2019). Psychological factors affecting memorable tourism experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(7), 619–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1611611

Zhang, Y., Sotiriadis, M., & Shen, S. (2022). Investigating the impact of smart tourism technologies on tourists’ experiences. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5). 3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053048

Zhao, Z., Li, Z., & Chen, C. (2022). Reliving the old dream: Rural tourism autobiographical memory on behavioral intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. 736637. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.736637

Zollo, L., Rialti, R., Marrucci, A., & Ciappei, C. (2022). How do museums foster loyalty in tech-savvy visitors? The role of social media and digital experience. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(18), 2991-3008.

Ahn, Y. joo, Hyun, S. S., & Kim, I. (2016). Vivid-memory formation through experiential value in the context of the international industrial exhibition. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 34(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1156617

Apa itu revolusi industri? Ini sejarah perkembangan, dan dampaknya (2023, June 1). Koran Tempo. https://koran.tempo.co/read/ekonomi-dan-bisnis/482384/sejarah-perkembangan-dan-dampak-revolusi-industri

Azis, N., Amin, M., Chan, S., & Aprilia, C. (2020). How smart tourism technologies affect tourist destination loyalty. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 11(4), 603–625. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2020-0005

Bayih, B. E., & Singh, A. (2020). Modelling domestic tourism: Motivations, satisfaction and tourist behavioral intentions. Heliyon, 6(9). 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04839

Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301

Câmara, E., Pocinho, M., Agapito, D., & de Jesus, S. N. (2023). Meaningful experiences in tourism: A systematic review of psychological constructs. European Journal of Tourism Research, 34. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2964

Chen, X., Cheng, Z. feng, & Kim, G. B. (2020). Make it memorable: Tourism experience, fun, recommendation and revisit intentions of Chinese outbound tourists. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(5), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051904

Coelho, M. de F., Gosling, M. de S., & Almeida, A. S. A. de. (2018). Tourism experiences: Core processes of memorable trips. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.08.004

Cuomo, M. T., Tortora, D., Foroudi, P., Giordano, A., Festa, G., & Metallo, G. (2021). Digital transformation and tourist experience co-design: Big social data for planning cultural tourism. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120345.

Dorcic, J., Komsic, J., & Markovic, S. (2019). Mobile technologies and applications towards smart tourism–state of the art. Tourism Review, 74(1), 82-103.

Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 26. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang.

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2020). Partial least squares: Konsep, teknik, dan aplikasi menggunakan program smartPLS 3.0 (2nd ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro: Semarang.

Gretzel, U. (2022). The smart DMO: A new step in the digital transformation of destination management organizations. European Journal of Tourism Research, 30, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v30i.2589

Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.003

Hadijah, S., “Teknologi digital: Pengertian, perkembangan, kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Cermati, 2023, https://www.cermati.com/artikel/teknologi-digital. Accessed 14 August. 2024.

Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K., & Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation. Information and Management, 54(6), 757–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.11.010

Huang, T. L., Chung, H. F. L., & Chen, X. (2023). Digital modality richness drives vivid memory experience. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 17(6), 921–939. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-10-2022-0334

Ittamalla, R., & Srinivas K, D. V. (2019). Role of service experience on vivid memory and loyalty. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 22(2), 190–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1598910

Jeong, M., & Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464–1477. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519883034

Juliana, J., Sianipar, R., Lemy, D. M., Pramezwary, A., Pramono, R., & Djakasaputra, A. (2023). Factors Influencing visitor satisfaction and revisit intention in Lombok tourism: The role of holistic experience, experience quality, and vivid memory. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(8), 2503–2511. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180821

Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif / Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia. “Strategi Digital Tourism dalam Menggaet Wisatawan”. Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif / Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia, 2021, https://kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/Strategi-Digital-Tourism-dalam-Menggaet-Wisatawan. Accessed 24 June. 2024.

Kusuma, G. “Mengenal smart tourism : Masa depan pariwisata yang lebih cerdas”. Magister Pariwisata Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,2023, https://mpar.upi.edu/mengenal-smart-tourism-masa-depan-pariwisata-yang-lebih-cerdas/. Accessed 14 July. 2024.

Loureiro, S. M. C., Breazeale, M., & Radic, A. (2019). Happiness with rural experience: Exploring the role of tourist mindfulness as a moderator. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 25(3), 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766719849975

Navío-Marco, J., Ruiz-Gómez, L. M., & Sevilla-Sevilla, C. (2018). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 30 years on and 20 years after the internet - Revisiting Buhalis & Law’s landmark study about eTourism. Tourism Management, 69, 460–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.002

Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D., & Ladkin, A. (2014). A Typology of Technology-Enhanced Tourism Experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1958

Ningsih, A. K., & Nugraha, J. (2023). SURABAYA-SMART SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: KONSEP SMART TOURISM TERINTEGRASI DENGAN STRATEGI DEEP PENTAHELIX SEBAGAI LANDASAN PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PARIWISATA DI SURABAYA. Jurnal Akuntansi, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Bisnis, 3(2), 204-214.

No, E., & Kim, J. K. (2015). Comparing the attributes of online tourism information sources. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 564–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.063

Pai, C., Kang, S., Liu, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2021). An examination of revisit intention based on perceived smart tourism technology experience. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13021007

Preko, A., Amoako, G. K., Dzogbenuku, R. K., & Kosiba, J. (2023). Digital tourism experience for tourist site revisit: an empirical view from Ghana. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 779–796. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2021-0294

Purnamaningsih, P., Erhan, T. P., & Rizkalla, N. (2019). Behavioral intention towards application-based short-distance delivery services adoption in Indonesia. Review of Behavioral Aspect in Organizations and Society, 1(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.32770/rbaos.vol177-86

Rather, R. A. (2020). Customer experience and engagement in tourism destinations: the experiential marketing perspective. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1686101

Riswandy, S. R., Nugroho, A., & Widiastiwi, Y. (2021). Teknologi dan Informasi Di Masa Pandemi COVID-19. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mahasiswa Bidang Ilmu Komputer dan Aplikasinya (Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 214-220).

Reyes, Christine. “What is a Digital Experience?”. Liferay, n.d., https://www.liferay.com/resources/l/digital-experience. Accessed 26 July. 2024.

Sobarna, A. (2021). “Pengaruh Wisata Virtual Reality (VR) terhadap Niat Berperilaku Wisatawan.” Prosiding The 12th Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar Bandung, 4-5 August 2021. file:///C:/Users/PC-123/Downloads/2935-Article%20Text-7307-1-10-20210829.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2024.

Stankov, U., & Gretzel, U. (2020). Tourism 4.0 technologies and tourist experiences: a human-centered design perspective. Information Technology and Tourism, 22(3), 477–488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00186-y

Tandafatu, N. K., Ermilinda, L., & Darkel, Y. B. M. (2024). Digital transformation in tourism: Exploring the impact of technology on travel experiences. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Sciences and Technologies, 1(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.62207/w3vsg352

Topsakal, Y., Icoz, O., & Icoz, O. (2022). Digital transformation and tourist experiences. In Handbook of research on digital communications, internet of things, and the future of cultural tourism (pp. 19-41). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Um, T., & Chung, N. (2019). Does smart tourism technology matter? Lessons from three smart tourism cities in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 396–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1595691

Wei, C., Zhao, W., Zhang, C., & Huang, K. (2019). Psychological factors affecting memorable tourism experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(7), 619–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1611611

Zhang, Y., Sotiriadis, M., & Shen, S. (2022). Investigating the impact of smart tourism technologies on tourists’ experiences. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5). 3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053048

Zhao, Z., Li, Z., & Chen, C. (2022). Reliving the old dream: Rural tourism autobiographical memory on behavioral intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. 736637. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.736637

Zollo, L., Rialti, R., Marrucci, A., & Ciappei, C. (2022). How do museums foster loyalty in tech-savvy visitors? The role of social media and digital experience. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(18), 2991-3008.

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Published

2025-07-03

How to Cite

Angelie, P. K. M., Amanda, Y., Wijaya, S., & Jokom, R. (2025). Exploring the impact of digital tourism experience on behavioral intentions: the role of vivid memory among international visitors to Surabaya. Jurnal Pariwisata Pesona, 10(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.26905/jpp.v10i1.15238