Post-Occupancy Evaluation on Renovation Elements in The GPDI Elohim Church Building, Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Authors

  • Daniel Mirmanoe Candra Sujanto
  • Erna Winansih Universitas Merdeka Malang
  • Junianto HW Universitas Merdeka Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26905/icgss.v9i1.16402

Keywords:

church building comfort, church architecture, renovation preferences, Post-occupancy evaluation (POE)

Abstract

The church building is a place of meeting and worship for Christians. Throughout history, Christianity has evolved into numerous synods spread across the world, including in Indonesia. Each sect has its own worship procedures or liturgy, which differ but still share the same identity as followers of Christ. Meanwhile, the architecture of the church building is greatly influenced by these liturgies. Not only the ornaments, spatial arrangement, and circulation in it, but also regarding the acoustics of the room, thermal comfort, and lighting. All of these elements help the congregation enjoy the spiritual experience in worship. One of the many sects of Christianity, Pentecostalism is a synod that continues to develop today in the world and in Indonesia, with its synod name being the Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia (GPdI), which was first established in 1924, both in small and large groups. GPdI Elohim, located in Sidoarjo City, was established in 1966 and relocated to a new building on Jalan Kombespol M. Duryat in 1991. Since 2011, the main building has undergone renovation with the aim of enhancing thermal comfort, improving acoustics, upgrading sound systems, refining lighting arrangements, and enhancing other building properties. Post-occupancy studies and preference studies were conducted to determine the achievements of the renovation activities enjoyed by the congregation, and are expected to be used as a reference for other church buildings, especially in other GPdI synods

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AmericaTM, T. O. C. in. (n.d.). The Original Christian Church. https://www.oca.org/questions/history/the-original-christian-church

Aritonang, J. S. (2012). Sejarah Pertumbuhan Gerakan Pentakostal di Indonesia. Gema Teologi Fakultas Theologi Universitas Duta Wacana, 35(1), 1–12.

Astolfi, L. S. A. G. M. M. A. (2023). An investigation on the spatial adaptation of an artistic performance in contemporary churches. IEEE, 39. https://doi.org/10.1109/I3DA57090.2023.10289498

Austin Cole Lovelace, W. C. R. (1987). Music and Worship in the Church (revised). Abingdon Press.

Encyclopedia, W. C., Chris-, W., & Database, C. (2015). Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 39(1), 28–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/239693931503900108

Fisher, D. S. (2013). Memories of the Ark: Texts, Objects, and the Construction of the Biblical Past. UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 15(4), 250–260.

Global, C. S. A. (n.d.). Standart gema ruangan. https://kedap-suara.com/perhitungan-gema-echo-pada-ruangan/

GPdI Elohim Sidoarjo. (n.d.). Sejarah GPdI Elohim. https://gpdielohimsidoarjo.org/index.php/about/church/sejarah-gereja-gpdi

Grietēna, A. (2014). Study Of Harmony In The Indoor/Outdoor Context Of Architecture Of The 21st Century Catholic Church In Latvia. Mokslas - Lietuvos Ateitis, 6(3), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.3846/mla.2014.035

Haven, N. (2022). A review of architectural Design of a sanctuary for the Independent Baptist Bible Church of New Haven , Enugu A review of architectural Design of a sanctuary for the Independent Baptist Bible Church of. September 2020. https://doi.org/10.36265/arejoen.2020.030202

Johnson, B. A. (2022). The Ark of the Covenant- Study Art 1 . 2 DISCLAIMER : Intent : Important Notes : What is an Ark ? 10(Gen 50).

Kabupaten Sidoarjo. (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Sidoarjo

Kumar, S., Aow, J. W., Dexuan, W., & Lee, H. P. (2021). Investigation of lightweight acoustic curtains for mid-to-high frequency noise insulations. ArXiv:2108.10683 , 1–17. https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10683v1

life.church. (n.d.). KJV Bible. https://www.bible.com/bible/1/ACT.2.KJV

Luigi, C. (2020). T a t h f c s. 48(1), 25–32.

Mandala, A. (2020). Desain Ruang Dan Pencahayaan Buatan Untuk Mendukung Suasana Kontemplasi Pada Gereja Katolik Regina Caeli, Jakarta. ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur, 1(2), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v1i2.48

Pașca-Tușa, S., & Popa-Bota, I. (2019). The Byzantine iconic representation of the cherubim: Scriptural reference points. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa, 64(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2019.1.01

Preiser, W. F. E. (2001). The Evolution of Post Occupancy Evaluation: Towards Building Performance and Universal Evaluation. Learning From Our Buildings A State of the Practice Summary of Post Occupancy Evaluation, 9–22.

Sanoff, H. (1999). Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning.

Sovilj, D. (2020). The importance of lighting in the interpretations of Christian sacral architecture of the second half of the XX century. Arhitektura i Urbanizam, 51, 104–115. https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-27786

Tambunan, E., & Ruslim, S. K. (2021). Gerakan Keberagamaan Baru: Mitosis dan Reflikasi Pantekosta Amerika ke Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Religiosity Entity Humanity (JIREH), 3(2), 146–167. https://doi.org/10.37364/jireh.v3i2.67

The Ark of the Covenant, Exodus 25. (2022). Biblicaltoolbelt. https://www.biblicaltoolbelt.com/l/the-ark-of-the-covenant-exodus-25/

Vella, R. C., Yousif, C., Martinez, F. J. R., & Hernandez, J. M. R. (2022). Prioritising Passive Measures over Air Conditioning to Achieve Thermal Comfort in Mediterranean Baroque Churches. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148261

Vischer, J. (1989). Environmental Quality in Offices. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.

Wang, Z., & Dai, W. (2023). Atmospheric aesthetics infiltration——Analysis of Bruder Klaus Field Chapel. 158(SHS Web Conf.), 4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315802016

Warbung, T., Soedarso, N., & Carina, R. (2021). Lighting and Coloring in Creating Atmosphere of Worship in Church. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2290950

Yabes, R. (2000). Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 50(4), 270–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00063-3

Zeng, S. (2018). Aluminum foil and glass wool felt with fireproof function.

Zhang, Z., & Ban, J. (2022). Aesthetic Evaluation of Interior Design Based on Visual Features. International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications, 13(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMCMC.293752

Zimmerman, A., & Martin, M. (2001). Post-occupancy evaluation: benefits and barriers. 168–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210010016857

Żurek, A. (2018). Symbol wiary jako przedmiot Disciplina arcani w Kościele starożytnym. Vox Patrum, 67, 789–800. https://doi.org/10.31743/vp.3429

Downloads

Published

2025-11-14

How to Cite

Sujanto, D. M. C., Winansih, E., & HW, J. (2025). Post-Occupancy Evaluation on Renovation Elements in The GPDI Elohim Church Building, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Proceedings of International Conference of Graduate School on Sustainability, 9(1), 377–396. https://doi.org/10.26905/icgss.v9i1.16402

Issue

Section

Articles