Enhancing Patient Revisit Intention and Positive Word of Mouth: An Empirical Study of Medical Tourism
Abstract
The growth of medical tourism industry in various countries has fostered global competition. Hospitals need to improve healthcare quality, brand image, and perceived value to gain patient satisfaction so that there is an increase in positive word-of-mouth and patient revisit intention. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior of patients visiting abroad to get health services and the desire to recommend the goodness of the hospital. This study aims to analyze the impact of hospital brand image, service quality, and perceived value to increase patient satisfaction. It also examines the impact of patient satisfaction on positive word-of-mouth and revisits intention. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach to 130 patients overseas for health services. Therefore, the convenience sampling method was applied in this study. Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling technique was used to answer the research hypotheses. The results have proven that to increase patient revisit intention in hospitals and positive WoM, the hospital must pay attention to service quality, hospital brand image, and perceived value need to be considered as they impact patient satisfaction. Meanwhile, patient satisfaction was identified as a factor that drives positive word-of-mouth and patient revisit intention.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Refaie, A. (2013). A structural model to investigate factors affect patient satisfaction and revisit intention in Jordanian hospitals. In Investigations into Living Systems, Artificial Life, and Real-World Solutions (pp. 136-147). IGI Global. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jalr.2011100105
An, S., Suh, J., & Eck, T. (2019). Examining structural relationships among service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and revisit intention for Airbnb guests. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 19(3), 145-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2019.1663980
Baker, D. M. A. (2013). Service quality and customer satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparison between legacy airlines and low-cost airlines. American journal of tourism research, 2(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.11634/216837861403317
Bettencourt, L. A., Lusch, R. F., & Vargo, S. L. (2014). A service lens on value creation: Marketing's role in achieving strategic advantage. California Management Review, 57(1), 44-66. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.57.1.44
Cantallops, A. S., & Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.007
Cha, J., & Borchgrevink, C. P. (2019). Customers’ perceptions in value and food safety on customer satisfaction and loyalty in restaurant environments: moderating roles of gender and restaurant types. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 20(2), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2018.1512934
Chahal, H., & Kumari, N. (2011). Consumer perceived value and consumer loyalty in the healthcare sector. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 10(2), 88-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2011.577729
Cham, T. H., Cheng, B. L., Low, M. P., & Cheok, J. B. C. (2021a). Brand image as the competitive edge for hospitals in medical tourism. European Business Review, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2019-0269
Cham, T. H., Lim, Y. M., Aik, N. C., & Tay, A. G. M. (2016). Antecedents of hospital brand image and the relationships with medical tourists’ behavioral intention. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 10(4), 412-431. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-02-2016-0012
Cham, T. H., Lim, Y. M., Sia, B. C., Cheah, J. H., & Ting, H. (2021). Medical tourism destination image and its relationship with the intention to revisit: A study of Chinese medical tourists in Malaysia. Journal of China tourism research, 17(2), 163-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1734514
Cham, T. H., Yet Mee, L., & Nai-Chiek, A. (2014). A study of brand image, perceived service quality, patient satisfaction and behavioral intention among the medical tourists. Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review, 2(2), 32-43.
Chen, L., Li, Y. Q., & Liu, C. H. (2019). How airline service quality determines the quantity of repurchase intention-mediate and moderate effects of brand quality and perceived value. Journal of Air Transport Management, 75, 185-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.11.002
Chen, Y. S. (2010). The drivers of green brand equity: Green brand image, green satisfaction, and green trust. Journal of Business ethics, 93, 307-319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0223-9
Connell, J. (2013). Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and commodification. Tourism Management, 34, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.05.009
De Matos, C. A., & Rossi, C. A. V. (2008). Word-of-mouth communications in marketing: A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and moderators. Journal of the Academy of marketing science, 36, 578-596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-008-0121-1
Dobni, D., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1990). In search of brand image: A foundation analysis. Advances in consumer research, 17(1).
Filieri, R., Chen, W., & Lal Dey, B. (2017). The importance of enhancing, maintaining and saving face in smartphone repurchase intentions of Chinese early adopters: An exploratory study. Information Technology & People, 30(3), 629-652. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2015-0230
Frank, B., & Enkawa, T. (2007). The impacts of economic long-term expansion and consumer confidence on perceived value and customer satisfaction. In Proceedings of the 5th ICQR Conference, Research Publishing Services, Singapore (pp. 20-25).
Ghobehei, M., Sadeghvaziri, F., Ebrahimi, E., & Afshar Bakeshloo, K. (2019). The effects of perceived brand orientation and perceived service quality in the higher education sector. Eurasian Business Review, 9, 347-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-018-00115-4
Gholipour Soleimani, A., & Einolahzadeh, H. (2018). The influence of service quality on revisit intention: The mediating role of WOM and satisfaction (Case study: Guilan travel agencies). Cogent Social Sciences, 4(1), 1560651. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1560651
Grönroos, C. (2001). The perceived service quality concept–a mistake? Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 11(3), 150-152. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520110393386
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3 ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hair, J. F., William C, B., Barry J, B., & Rolph E, A. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8 ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.
Han, H., Meng, B., & Kim, W. (2017). Bike-traveling as a growing phenomenon: Role of attributes, value, satisfaction, desire, and gender in developing loyalty. Tourism Management, 59, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.07.013
Hapsari, R., Clemes, M. D., & Dean, D. (2017). The impact of service quality, customer engagement and selected marketing constructs on airline passenger loyalty. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 9(1), 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-07-2016-0048
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hewer, P., Brownlie, D., & Kerrigan, F. (2013). ‘The exploding plastic inevitable’:‘Branding being’, brand Warhol & the factory years. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 29(2), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2013.03.004
Heydari Fard, M., Sanayei, A., & Ansari, A. (2021). Determinants of medical tourists’ revisit and recommend intention. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 22(4), 429-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1650688
Hung, Y. H., Huang, M. L., & Chen, K. S. (2003). Service quality evaluation by service quality performance matrix. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 14(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360309706
International Healthcare Research Center (IHRC). (2018). Medical tourism industry valued at $100b poised for 25% year-over-year growth by 2025. Medical Tourism Association. Retrieved from: https://www.magazine.medicaltourism.com/article/medical-tourism-industry-valued-at-439b-poised-for-25-year-over-year-growth-by-2025
Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International journal of tourism research, 17(1), 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1968
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of marketing, 57(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101
Kim, Y., & Choi, J. (2016). The role of a large competitor’s entry and level of innovativeness in consumer adoption of new products: A comparison between market uncertainty and technological uncertainty. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-12-2016-004
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration (IJEC), 11(4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit. (2020). Daftar rumah sakit terakreditasi KARS Internasional. Komisi Akreditasi Rumah Sakit. Retrieved from: http://akreditasi.kars.or.id/application/report/report_accredited_international.php
Lan, Y. L., Hung, J. Y., Chen, C. C., & Yao, C. W. (2016). Key factors influencing patient loyalty. International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 10(2-4), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJECRM.2016.082182
Lee, S. M., Lee, D., & Kang, C. Y. (2012). The impact of high-performance work systems in the health-care industry: Employee reactions, service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. The Service Industries Journal, 32(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2010.545397
Li, Y., & Shang, H. (2020). Service quality, perceived value, and citizens’ continuous-use intention regarding e-government: Empirical evidence from China. Information & Management, 57(3), 103197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103197
Lin, Y. H., Lin, F. J., & Wang, K. H. (2021). The effect of social mission on service quality and brand image. Journal of Business Research, 132, 744-752. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.054
Liu, C. H. S., & Lee, T. (2016). Service quality and price perception of service: Influence on word-of-mouth and revisit intention. Journal of Air Transport Management, 52, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.12.007
Llanwarne, N. R., Abel, G. A., Elliott, M. N., Paddison, C. A., Lyratzopoulos, G., Campbell, J. L., & Roland, M. (2013). Relationship between clinical quality and patient experience: Analysis of data from the english quality and outcomes framework and the National GP Patient Survey. The Annals of Family Medicine, 11(5), 467-472. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1514
Loi, L. T. I., So, A. S. I., Lo, I. S., & Fong, L. H. N. (2017). Does the quality of tourist shuttles influence revisit intention through destination image and satisfaction? The case of Macao. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 32, 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.06.002
Manaf, N. H. A., Hussin, H., Kassim, P. N. J., Alavi, R., & Dahari, Z. (2015). Medical tourism service quality: finally some empirical findings. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 26(9-10), 1017-1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1068597
McKee, D., Simmers, C. S., & Licata, J. (2006). Customer self-efficacy and response to service. Journal of service research, 8(3), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670505282167
Mohd Isa, S., Lim, G. S. S., & Chin, P. N. (2019). Patients’ intent to revisit with trust as the mediating role: Lessons from Penang Malaysia. International journal of pharmaceutical and healthcare marketing, 13(2), 140-159. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-10-2017-0056
Nawi, N. B. C., Al Mamun, A., Nasir, N. A. M., Abdullah, A., & Mustapha, W. N. W. (2019). Brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel packages: A study on tourism entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 188-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-02-2019-0007
Nguyen, N. X., Tran, K., & Nguyen, T. A. (2021). Impact of service quality on in-patients’ satisfaction, perceived value, and customer loyalty: A mixed-methods study from a developing country. Patient Preference and Adherence, 15, 2523-2538. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S333586
Ormond, M., & Sulianti, D. (2017). More than medical tourism: Lessons from Indonesia and Malaysia on South–South intra-regional medical travel. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), 94-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.937324
Papadimitriou, D., Kaplanidou, K., & Apostolopoulou, A. (2018). Destination image components and word-of-mouth intentions in urban tourism: A multigroup approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(4), 503-527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348015584443
Pedroso, M. C., & Nakano, D. (2009). Knowledge and information flows in supply chains: A study on pharmaceutical companies. International journal of production economics, 122(1), 376-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.06.012
Rahi, S., Abd Ghani, M., & Alnaser, F. M. (2017). The influence of e-customer services and perceived value on brand loyalty of banks and internet banking adoption: A structural equation model (SEM). Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 22(1).
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2016). Research methods for business students (7 ed.). Pearson.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (8 ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Sharma, P. N., Liengaard, B. D., Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2023). Predictive model assessment and selection in composite-based modeling using PLS-SEM: Extensions and guidelines for using CVPAT. European Journal of Marketing, 57(6), 1662-1677. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2020-0636
Shin, S. R., & Park, K. Y. (2015). Comparing satisfaction with nursing care and factors relevant to hospital revisit intent among hospitalized patients in comprehensive nursing care units and general care units. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 21(5), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.5.469
Siripipatthanakul, S. (2021). Service quality, patient satisfaction, word-of-Mouth, and revisit intention in a dental clinic, Thailand. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), 5(5), 832-841.
Taheri, B., Chalmers, D., Wilson, J., & Arshed, N. (2021). Would you really recommend it? Antecedents of word-of-mouth in medical tourism. Tourism Management, 83, 104209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104209
Thakur, R. (2016). Understanding customer engagement and loyalty: A case of mobile devices for shopping. Journal of Retailing and consumer Services, 32, 151-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.06.004
Tim Publikasi Katadata. (2019, August 21). Infografik: Berobat ke luar negeri favorit masyarakat Indonesia. Katadata. Retrieved from: https://katadata.co.id/timpublikasikatadata/infografik/5e9a5033b820a/infografik-berobat-ke-luar-negeri-favorit-masyarakat-indonesia
Van Tonder, E., Petzer, D. J., Van Vuuren, N., & De Beer, L. T. (2018). Perceived value, relationship quality and positive WOM intention in banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 36(7), 1347-1366. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2017-0171
Wu, C. C. (2011). The impact of hospital brand image on service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4873-4882.
Wu, H. C., & Li, T. (2017). A study of experiential quality, perceived value, heritage image, experiential satisfaction, and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(8), 904-944. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014525638
Wu, J., Fan, S., & Zhao, J. L. (2018). Community engagement and online word of mouth: An empirical investigation. Information & Management, 55(2), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.07.002
Yoon, S. J. (2002). The antecedents and consequences of trust in online-purchase decisions. Journal of interactive marketing, 16(2), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10008
Zarei, A., Arab, M., Froushani, A. R., Rashidian, A., & Ghazi Tabatabaei, S. M. (2012). Service quality of private hospitals: The Iranian Patients' perspective. BMC health services research, 12, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-31
Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of marketing, 52(3), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251446
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v12i1.11459
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexing by:
Index Copernicus International (ICI)
Tools:
In Collaboration with:
|
Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan Management Department Faculty of Economics University of Merdeka Malang MAILING ADDRESS
|