Driving Indonesian public sector innovation with strength-based leadership: The role of psychological safety and ambidextrous organizational culture

Authors

Keywords:

ambidextrous organizational culture, innovative work behavior, psychological safety, public sector, strength-based leadership

Abstract

Innovation is essential for achieving organizational excellence. Civil servants need to embrace this demand, as reflected in the core values of Ber-AKHLAK. This underscores the urgent need to investigate the factors that drive innovative work behavior (IWB) in the public sector. This study highlights strength-based leadership (SBL) as a key factor influencing IWB. Using Social Exchange Theory, the research investigates the mediating role of psychological safety (PS) and the moderating effect of an ambidextrous organizational culture (AOC). A quantitative self-report survey was distributed via social media, collecting responses from 354 civil servants in Indonesia. The adapted measurement scale demonstrated reliability. Analysis with PROCESS Macro Model 14 in SPSS version 29 indicated that SBL significantly generated IWB directly and through PS, but AOC did not significantly moderate this relationship. These findings imply that although civil servants positively perceive the ambidextrous culture in their organization, it does not automatically boost innovative behavior. Leadership focusing on workers' strengths is more meaningful for activating the psychological safety necessary for innovation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Osi Isna Sabela, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Arum - Etikariena, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

References

Afsar, B. and Umrani, W.A. (2020), "Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 402-428. https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2075/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0257

AlMunthiri, O., Bani-Melhem, S., Mohd-Shamsudin, F. and Raziq, M.M. (2023), "Fostering innovative behaviors of public sector employees: the potency of innovation-based HR practices, risk propensity, and error tolerance", International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2075/10.1108/IJPSM-08-2023-0242

Asrar-ul-Haq, Muhammad & Kuchinke, K. Peter. (2016). Impact of leadership styles on employees’ attitude towards their leader and performance: Empirical evidence from Pakistani banks. Future Business Journal, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 54-64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.05.002.

Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.

Burkus, D. (2011). Building the strong organization: Exploring the role of organizational design in strengths-based leadership. Journal of Strategic Leadership, 3(1), 54–66.

BKN. (2023). BKN Sampaikan Tantangan Birokrasi Indonesia pada Simposium Internasional di Tokyo. Diakses dari https://www.bkn.go.id/bkn-sampaikan-tantangan-birokrasi-indonesia-pada-simposium-internasional-di-tokyo/ pada 15 Oktober 2024.

Bos-Nehles, A., Bondarouk, T., & Nijenhuis, K. (2016). Innovative work behaviour in knowledge-intensive public sector organizations: the case of supervisors in the Netherlands fire services. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(2), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244894

Bos-Nehles, Anna. C. & Veenendaal, Andre A.R. (2019). Perceptions of HR practices and innovative work behavior: the moderating effect of an innovative climate, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30:18, 2661-2683, https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1380680

Bysted, Rune & Hansen, Jesper Rosenberg. (2015). Comparing Public and Private Sector Employees’ Innovative Behaviour: Understanding the role of job and organizational characteristics, job types, and subsectors, Public Management Review, 17:5, 698-717, https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2216/doi/full/10.1080/14719037.2013.841977

Caniëls, M.C.J., Hatak, I., Kuijpers, K.J.C., & de Weerd-Nederhof, P. C. (2022). Trait resilience instigates innovative behaviour at work? A cross-lagged study. Creativity and Innovation Management, 31(2), 274–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12486

Carmeli, A., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Ziv, E. (2010). Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in creative tasks in the workplace: The mediating role of psychological safety. Creativity Research Journal, 22(3), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2010.504654

Cohen, R. J., Schneider, W. J., Tobin, R. M. (2022). Psychological Testing and Assessment. (10th ed.) New york: Mc Graw Hill.

Contreras, Francoise; Juarez, Fernando; Acosta, Yonni Angel Cuero; Dornberger, Utz; Soria-Barreto, Karla; Corrales-Estrada, Martha; Ramos-Garza, Claudia; Steizel, Sebastian; Portalanza, Alexandra; Jauregui, Kety; da Silva, Luciana Iwashita & Salusse, Marcus Alexandre Yshikawa Pantea Foroudi (Reviewing editor). (2020). Critical factors for innovative work behaviour in Latin American firms: Test of an exploratory model, Cogent Business & Management, 7:1, https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2216/doi/full/10.1080/23311975.2020.1812926

Cook, Karen; Cheshire, Coye; Rice, Eric & Nakagawa, Sandra. (2013). Social Exchange Theory. J. DeLamater and A. Ward (eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_3

Crano, William D., Brewer, Marilynn B., & Lac, Andrew. (2024). Principles and Methods of Social Research (Fourth Edition). New York: Routledge.

Crossan, M.M. & Apaydin, M. (2010), A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Organizational Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Management Studies, 47: 1154-1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00880.x

Ding, H., & Yu, E. (2020). Follower strengths-based leadership and follower innovative behavior: The roles of core self-evaluations and psychological well-being. Revista De Psicología Del Trabajo y De Las Organizaciones, 36(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2020a8

Ding, H., Yu, E., & Li, Y. (2020). Strengths-based leadership and its impact on task performance: A preliminary study. South African Journal of Business Management, 51(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v51i1.1832.

Du, Yunzhou & Kim, Phillip & Aldrich, Howard. (2016). Hybrid Strategies, Dysfunctional Competition, and New Venture Performance in Transition Economies. Management and Organization Review. 12. 469-501. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2016.30

Durrah, O. (2023). Do we need friendship in the workplace? The effect on innovative behavior and mediating role of psychological safety. Current Psychology. 42:28597–28610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03949-4

Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative science quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999.

Ekmekcioglu, E.B. & Oner, Kursad. (2023). Servant leadership, innovative work behavior and innovative organizational culture: the mediating role of perceived organizational support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics Vol. 33 No. 3, 2024 pp. 272-288. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2022-0251

Engel, Sarah. (2014). "Strengths-Based Leadership: Seeking a Connection Between Strengths-Based Leadership Domains and Women Leaders in Higher Education". All Regis University Theses. 211. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/211.

Etikariena, Arum. (2020). Peran gaya kepemimpinan pada perilaku kerja inovatif pekerja pada organisasi berbasis teknologi digital. Ecopsy, 7(1), 375365. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v7i1.8426

Etikariena, A., & Muluk, H. (2014). Correlation between Organizational Memory and Innovative Work Behavior. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 18(2), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v18i2.3463

Evers, A.T., Messmann, G. & Kreijns, K. (2024). Distributed leadership, leader-member exchange and innovative work behavior: the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction. Current Psychology. 43, 11037–11049. https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2075/10.1007/s12144-023-05048-4

Gravetter, Frederick J., & Forzano, Lori-Ann B. (2018). Research Methods for Behavioral Science (Edisi ke-6). Boston: Cengage.

Gieske, H., Duijn, M., & van Buuren, A. (2020). Ambidextrous practices in public service organizations: Innovation and optimiza tion tensions in Dutch water authorities. Public Management Review, 22(3), 341– 363. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037. 2019.1588354

He, D., & Yu, E. (2020). Follower strengths-based leadership and follower innovative behavior: The roles of core self-evaluations and psychological well-being. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 36(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2020a8

Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

Iqbal, A., Latif, K.F. and Ahmad, M.S. (2020), "Servant leadership and employee innovative behaviour: exploring psychological pathways", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 41 No. 6, pp. 813-827. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2019-0474

Jankelová, N., & Joniaková, Z. (2021). Innovative work Behavior—A key factor in business performance? the role of team cognitive diversity and teamwork climate in this relationship. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040185

Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73, 287-302. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/job-demands-perceptions-effort-reward-fairness/docview/199295318/se-2

Javed, B., Sayyed Muhammad Mehdi, R. N., Abdul, K. K., Arjoon, S., & Hafiz, H. T. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on innovative work behavior: The role of psychological safety. Journal of Management and Organization, 25(1), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.3

Kandoth, S., & Shekhar, S. K. (2024). Employees’ intrinsic motivation in mediating the relationship between perceived ambidextrous organizational culture and innovative behaviour in the Indian IT sector. The Learning Organization. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-03-2024-0089

KemenPAN RB. (2023). Bergerak untuk Reformasi Birokrasi Berdampak. [Materi Powerpoint]

KemenPAN RB. (2024). Apresiasi Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik melalui Gebyar Pelayanan Prima. Diakses dari https://www.menpan.go.id/site/berita-terkini/kementerian-panrb-apresiasi-peningkatan-kualitas-pelayanan-publik-melalui-gebyar-pelayanan-prima pada 15 Oktober 2024.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287

Khan, M. A., Ismail, F. B., Hussain, A., & Alghazali, B. (2020). The Interplay of Leadership Styles, Innovative Work Behavior, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Sage Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019898264

Knies, E., Boselie, P., Gould-Williams, J. and Vandenabeele, W. (2018), “Strategic human resource management and public sector performance: context mattersâ€, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2216/doi/full/10.1080/09585192.2017.1407088

Kraaijenbrink, J. (Juni, 2022). What BANI Really Means (And How It Corrects Your World View). Diakses dari https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeroenkraaijenbrink/2022/06/22/what-bani-really-means-and-how-it-corrects-your-world-view/?sh=6030646111bb pada 10 Juni 2024

Kyambade, Mahadih; Namuddu, Regis; Mugambwa, Joshua; Namatovu, Afulah. (2024). Psychological Safety and Innovative Work Behavior: Does Socially Responsible Leadership Matter? Seisense Business Review. 4. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33215/6gahb262

LAN RI. (2020). Kajian Reformasi Birokrasi Berbasis Outcome. Pusat Kajian Kebijakan Administrasi Negara LAN RI. Diakses dari https://ppid.lan.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/6.-Laporan-RB-Outcome-Gabungan-25-Jan-2021-Dami-2.pdf pada 25 Juli 2024.

Lee JY, Seo Y, Jeung W, Kim J. (2019). How ambidextrous organizational culture affects job performance: A multilevel study of the mediating effect of psychological capital. Journal of Management & Organization. 2019;25(6):860-875. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.38

Linley, P., Govindji, R. and West, M. (2007), "Positive Psychology Approaches to Public Services Leadership: An Introduction to Strengthsâ€based Leadership", International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 44-55. https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2075/10.1108/17479886200700029

Liu Y, Wang W, Chen D. (2019). Linking Ambidextrous Organizational Culture to Innovative Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model of Psychological Empowerment and Transformational Leadership. Front Psychol. 2019 Oct 11; 10:2192. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02192.

Lukitasari, Dania; Etikariena, Arum. (2024). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediation-Moderation Model of Ambidextrous Culture. Psikologika. https://doi.org/10.20885/jstl.vol29.iss2.art5

Memon, Mumtaz Ali; Ting, Hiram; Cheah, Jun-Hwa; Thurasamy, Ramayah; Chuah, Francis; Cham, Tat Huei. (2020). Sample size for survey research: review and recommendations. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling. https://doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.4(2)01

Messmann, Gerhard & Mulder, Regina H. (2012). Development of a measurement instrument for innovative work behaviour as a dynamic and context-bound construct, Human Resource Development International, 15:1, 4359, https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2011.646894.

Meyers, M.C., van Woerkom, M. (2017). Effects of a Strengths Intervention on General and Work-Related Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Positive Affect. J Happiness Stud 18, 671–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9745-x

Mitterer, D. M., & Mitterer, H. E. (2023). The mediating effect of trust on psychological safety and job satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 23(1), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.21818/001c.73642

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGrawHill Companies.

Ombudsman RI. (2024). Perkuat Kerja Sama Perluas Pengawasan Pelayanan Publik [Laporan Tahunan 2023]. Diakses dari https://ombudsman.go.id/produk/lihat/897/SUB_LT_5a1ea951d55c4_file_20240314_134411.pdf pada 28 Maret 2024.

Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2024 tentang Pengadaan Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara.

Podsakoff, P. M., Podsakoff, N. P., Williams, L. J., Huang, C., & Yang, J. (2024). Common Method Bias: It’s Bad, It’s Complex, It’s Widespread, and It’s Not Easy to Fix. In Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior (Vol. 11, Issue Volume 11, 2024, pp. 17–61). Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030

Priyanka; Mahima, Jain; Sanjay, Dhir. (2022). Antecedents of organization ambidexterity: A comparative study of public and private sector organizations. Technology in Society. Vol. 70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102046

Seung, L. E.,PhD.R.N., & Seo, J. K., P. (2024). Effects of nurse managers' inclusive leadership on nurses' psychological safety and innovative work behavior: The moderating role of collectivism. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 56(4), 554-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12965

Schein, E. H. & Schein, P. (2017). Organizational Culture & Leadership. 5th Edition, Hoboken NJ: Wiley.

Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/determinants-innovative-behavior-path-model/docview/199780436/se-2

Sullivan GM, Feinn R. (2012). Using Effect Size-or Why the P Value Is Not Enough. J Grad Med Educ. 4(3):279-82. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1.

Taherdoost, Hamed. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management. 5. 28-36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205040

UU No. 20. (2023). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2023 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara.

van Woerkom, M., Bakker, A. B., & Nishii, L. H. (2016). Accumulative job demands and support for strength use: Fine-tuning the job demands-resources model using conservation of resources theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(1), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000033

Wang, C.L. & Rafiq, M. (2014), Contextual Ambidexterity. Brit J Manage,

: 58-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2012.00832.x

Xu, Z., & Suntrayuth, S. (2022). Innovative work behavior in high-tech enterprises: Chain intermediary effect of psychological safety and knowledge sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017121

Zuberi, M.A. & Khattak, A. (2021), "Impact of proactive personality and leader member exchange on innovative work behavior: a job design perspective", International Journal of Innovation Science, Vol. 13 No. 5, pp. 664-683. https://remote-lib.ui.ac.id:2075/10.1108/IJIS-11-2020-0251

Published

2025-03-25

How to Cite

Sabela, O. I., & Etikariena, A. .-. (2025). Driving Indonesian public sector innovation with strength-based leadership: The role of psychological safety and ambidextrous organizational culture. Jurnal Psikologi Tabularasa, 20(1). Retrieved from https://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/jpt/article/view/14877

Issue

Section

Articles