Bhirawa Law Journal is deeply committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and research integrity. We strictly prohibit any form of research misconduct and handle all allegations, complaints, or concerns in a fair, objective, and transparent manner in accordance with the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Research misconduct refers to actions that compromise the integrity of scientific research and publication. In Bhirawa Law Journal, research misconduct includes, but is not limited to:
Data Fabrication: Creating, inventing, or reporting fake or manipulated research data, results, or conclusions.
Data Falsification: Manipulating research materials, equipment, processes, or altering images, graphs, and statistical data to falsely represent findings.
Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism: Using another person's ideas, text, code, or data without appropriate citation, or republishing significant portions of the author's own previously published work without proper attribution.
Redundant or Multiple Submissions: Submitting the same manuscript (or substantially similar content) to more than one journal simultaneously.
Authorship Misconduct: Adding individuals who made no intellectual contribution (ghost/guest/gift authorship) or excluding legitimate contributors from the author list.
Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest: Failing to disclose financial, personal, or institutional conflicts of interest that could influence the objectivity of the research.
Bhirawa Law Journal encourages readers, reviewers, authors, or editorial board members to report any suspected research misconduct related to manuscripts published in or submitted to the journal.
How to File a Complaint: Reports should be submitted via email to the Editor-in-Chief at [email protected].
Required Details: The report should include clear and objective evidence, such as comparative text analysis, raw data discrepancies, original file links, or detailed explanations supporting the claim.
Confidentiality: All reports will be handled with strict confidentiality. The identity of the whistleblower/complainant will be protected unless disclosure is required by law.
Upon receiving a formal allegation, the Editorial Board follows COPE flowcharts to conduct a thorough evaluation:
Initial Assessment: The Editor-in-Chief evaluates the report and supporting evidence to determine whether there is sufficient cause for a formal inquiry.
Contacting the Author: If the allegation has merit, the corresponding author will be notified in writing and given a reasonable timeframe (typically 14 days) to respond and provide explanation or raw data.
Independent Review: The Editorial Board may form an ad-hoc committee or consult independent expert reviewers to evaluate the evidence impartially.
If research misconduct is proven, Bhirawa Law Journal will apply appropriate actions depending on the stage of the manuscript and the severity of the violation:
Pre-Publication (During Evaluation/Review):
Immediate Desk Rejection or termination of the review process.
Formal warning issued to the authors.
Potential temporary or permanent submission ban to Bhirawa Law Journal.
Post-Publication:
Issuance of a formal Correction/Corrigendum for minor errors or omissions.
Issuance of an Expression of Concern while an investigation is ongoing.
Full Article Retraction in line with COPE Retraction Guidelines if major misconduct (such as plagiarism or data fabrication) is confirmed.
Formal notification sent to the author's home institution or funding body in severe cases.
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Bhirawa Law Journal Published by Faculty of Law, University of Merdeka Malang | Online ISSN 2775-2070 | Print ISSN 2775-4464 | DOI 10.26905 by crossref | 
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