The Influence of Peer Support and Supervisor Support on Employee Performance Through Teamwork Cohesiveness as a Mediating Variable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26905/jbm.v13i1.16988Keywords:
Employee Performance, Peer Support, Supervisor Support, Teamwork CohesivenessAbstract
Employee performance is an important factor in determining the success of organizational operations, particularly in the catering industry. High operational demands and dynamic work conditions may influence employees’ ability to perform their tasks effectively. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence employee performance is important for organizations. This study aims to analyze the influence of peer support and supervisor support on employee performance, with teamwork cohesiveness acting as a mediating variable at Catering Citra Purnama. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The population consisted of 90 employees of Catering Citra Purnama, with 84 operational employees selected as the research sample using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires using a 1–10 measurement scale. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling method with SmartPLS 3.0 software to examine the relationships between variables and the mediating role of teamwork cohesiveness. The results indicate that peer support has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, whereas supervisor support has a positive but insignificant effect on employee performance. Teamwork cohesiveness has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, both peer support and supervisor support have positive and significant effects on teamwork cohesiveness. Mediation analysis shows that teamwork cohesiveness partially mediates the relationship between peer support and employee performance and fully mediates the relationship between supervisor support and employee performance. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening social support and teamwork cohesion within organizations to enhance employee performance.
Downloads
References
Akhtar, S. (2022). Impact of Supervisor Support on Employee Task Performance: Developing and Testing of an Integrated Sequential Mediated Model. Global Economics Review, 7(1), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2022(vii-i).02
Alsakarneh, A., Fraihat, B. A. M., Otoom, A., Mustafa, S. M. B., Nawasra, M., & Eneizan, B. (2022). How to Motivate Employees to Perform Better? The Impact of Social Support on Employees' Performance in the Hotel Industry. Journal of Systems and Management Sciences, 12(6), 487-510. https://doi.org/10.33168/JSMS.2022.0629
Alvianita, R. H., Emilisa, N., & Tiarapuspa. (2023). The Effect of Supervisor Support on Employee Performance with Organizational Identification and Office De-Clutter as Intervening Variables among Gen-Z Employees in Service Companies in Jakarta. Trisakti Journal of Economics, 3(2), 2175-2184. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v3i2.16888
Amanda, G. T., & Ekhsan, M. (2024). The Effect of Supervisor Support on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction in an Electronics Company in the EJIP Industrial Estate. Journal of Business Management and Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 945-957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v8i4.29074
Azizan, F. L., Arifin, M. A., Shahidan, A. N., & Othman, N. (2021). The Impact of Supervisor-Nurse Relationships, Cooperative Communication and Team Effectiveness: A Study of Nursing Teams. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8), 550-564. DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i8/10168
Cruz, K. S., Zagenczyk, T. J., Scott, K. L., & Purvis, R. L. (2021). Perceptions of Co-Worker Exclusion and Performance Outcomes: Are Different Forms of Support Helpful or Hurtful? Journal of Management & Organization, 28(2), 283-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.56
Fortuna, K. L., Solomon, P., & Rivera, J. (2022). An Update of Peer Support/Peer Provided Services Underlying Processes, Benefits, and Critical Ingredients. Psychiatric Quarterly, 93(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-022-09971-w
Grossman, R., Nolan, K., Rosch, Z., Mazer, D., & Salas, E. (2021). The Team Cohesion-Performance Relationship: A Meta-Analysis Exploring Measurement Approaches and the Changing Team Landscape. Organizational Psychology Review, 12(2), 181-238. DOI:10.1177/20413866211041157
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Los Angeles: Sage Publications
Hayunintyas, R. F., Do, B. R., Irawanto, D. W. & Sudiro, A. (2018). Organizational Justice and Affective Organizational Commitment: Mediated by Organizational Trust and Perceived Organizational Support. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application), 6(3), 175-196. DOI: 10.21776/ub.apmba.2018.006.03.4
Hidayati, T., Hudayah, S., & Putit, L. (2025). Relationship With Supervisor and Role Clarity on Employee Performance Moderated by Achievement Motivation. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 14(3), 1007-1023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/11.v14i3.4428
Iwan, P. R. I., Miftahudin, M., Latif, L., & Noegraha, R. A. (2023). The Effect of Group Cohesiveness on Employee Performance in an Insurance Company. Polgan Minfo Journal, 12(2), 2742-2747. https://doi.org/10.33395/jmp.v12i2.13357
Khattak, P., Shah, M., & Hammad, M. (2020). Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Teamwork on Team Performance with the Moderating Role of Supervisor Support. British Journal of Research, 7(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.36648/2394-3718.7.2.57
Lachowicz, M. J., Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2018). A Novel Measure of Effect Size for Mediation Analysis. Psychological Methods, 23(2), 244-261. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000165
Le, B. H., Duong, C. H., & Nguyen, G. T. (2025). Perceived Supervisor Support and Its Impact on Job Performance: Dataset from the Hospitality Industry in Vietnam. Data in Brief. DOI:10.1016/j.dib.2025.111649
Lee, C., Yeh, W., Yu, Z., & Tsai, T. (2022). The Impacts of Supervisor Support, Role Perception, and Emotional Exhaustion on the Turnover Intentions of Real Estate Brokers. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 38(4), 101227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2022.101227
Li, J., Jia, L., Cai, Y., Kwan, H. K., & You, S. (2020). Employee-Organization Relationships and Team Performance: Role of Team Collective Efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00206
Lieb, M., Erim, Y. & Morawa, E. (2024). Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Team Cohesion: The Erlangen Team Cohesion at Work Scale (ETC). BMC Psychol 12, 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01583-2
McIlroy, T. D., Parker, S. L., & McKimmie, B. M. (2025). Ask, but You Might not Receive: Unanswered Supervisor Support Scale Development and a Daily Diary Study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 40(1), 257-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-024-09950-x
Mughal, H.A. (2019). Support at Work and its Relationship with Employee Performance: Critical Insights for Early Scholars. Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management & HR. DOI:10.33166/ACDMHR.2019.03.002
Nahruddin, L. A. (2024). Development of a Psychological Measuring Tool: Peer Social Support Scale (PSSS). Psisula: Periodical Proceedings of Psychology, 6, 489-501. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/psisula.v6i0.39265
Nugraha, R. N., & Handayani, D. (2024). Employee Performance Indicators at PT. Idea Indonesia Tbk. West Science Social and Humanities Studies, 2(03), 518-525.
Pahk, Y., & Baek, J. S. (2021). A Relational Approach to the Design for Peer Support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052596
Pietrantoni, L., Mazzetti, G., Niaves, M. S. R., Kubik, R., Giusino, D., & Angelis, M. D. (2024). Enhancing Team Dynamics Through Digital Coaching: The Role of Managerial and Peer Support. European Journal of Training and Development, 48(10), 16-36. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-12-2023-0193
Salcinovic, B., Drew, M., Dijkstra, P., Waddington, G., & Serpell, B. G. (2022). Factors Influencing Team Performance: What Can Support Teams in High-Performance Sport Learn from Other Industries? A Systematic Scoping Review. Sports Medicine-Open, 8(1), 25.
Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Qasim, A. (2022). Supervisor Support, Self-Efficacy, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Office De-Clutter. Administrative Sciences. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12040177
Sari, E. A. P., Pradana, K. A., & Simanjuntak, E. R. (2025). The Impact of Coworker Support Toward Team Cohesion and Transactive Memory System Collaboration: Moderating Roles of Intergenerational Affect in the Mining Industry. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026253
Singh, B., Selvarajan, T. T., & Solansky, S. (2019). Coworker Influence on Employee Performance: A Conservation of Resources Perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2018-0392
Sjöblom, K., Mäkiniemi, J. P., & Mäkikangas, A. (2022). I Was Given Three Marks and Told to Buy a Porsche-Supervisors' Experiences of Leading Psychosocial Safety Climate and Team Psychological Safety in a Remote Academic Setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912016
Vries, J. P. D., Knies, E., & Leisink, P. (2022). Shared Perceptions of Supervisor Support: What Processes Make Supervisors and Employees See Eye to Eye? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 42(1), 88-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X20942814
Wei, H., Zhang, S., Qu, W., Liu, M., Yan, Z., & Luan, X. (2024). The Association Between Team Cohesion and Performance: A Network Analysis of Nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.13089
Wu, S., Zhou, S., Yu, X., Chen, W., Zheng, W., Huang, M., Zhang, H., Li, X., Fang, G., Zhao, X., & Zhang, K. (2020). Association Between Social Support and Job Satisfaction Among Mainland Chinese Ethnic Minority Kindergarten Teachers: The Mediation of Self-Efficacy and Work Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581397
Ximenes, M., Supartha, W. G., Manuati Dewi, I. G. A., & Sintaasih, D. K. (2019). Entrepreneurial Leadership Moderating High Performance Work System and Employee Creativity on Employee Performance. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1697512
Yang, M., Schloemer, H., Zhu, Z., Lin, Y., Chen, W., & Dong, N. (2020). Why and When Team Reflexivity Contributes to Team Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03044
Zhang, Z., Takahashi, Y., & Rezwan, R. B. (2025). Knowledge Hiding and Social Exchange Theory: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1516815
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
(1) Copyright of the published articles will be transferred to the journal as the publisher of the manuscripts. Therefore, the author confirms that the copyright has been managed by the journal.
(2) Publisher of Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen is University of Merdeka Malang.
(3) The copyright follows Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License (CC BY SA): This license allows to Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material, for any purpose, even commercially.
