The Effect of Internship Quality, Professional Competence, and Career Orientation on The Work Readiness of Internship Participants at State-Owned Enterprises in Surabaya

Authors

  • Amanda Nur Azzahra Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur
  • Budi Prabowo Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26905/jbm.v13i1.17192

Keywords:

Internship Quality, Professional Competence, Career Orientation, Work Readiness

Abstract

This study examines how internship quality, professional competence, and career orientation shape the work readiness of interns within State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Surabaya. The emergence of a competency gap and high rates of educated unemployment serve as the underlying urgency for this study, necessitating mature work readiness through quality internship experiences, professional competence mastery, and directed career orientation. This study is categorized as associative research using a quantitative approach. Adopting a quantitative-associative approach, the study utilized the Cochran formula to determine a representative sample of 196 participants, identified through purposive sampling Statistical evaluations were performed using a multiple linear regression model via SPSS version 26. The research findings confirm that internship quality, professional competence, and career orientation simultaneously exert a significant positive influence on work readiness. Furthermore, partial analysis reveals that each of these three factors contributes significantly and positively to the development of work readiness among SOEs interns in Surabaya. The coefficient of determination (R2) value of 50.4% indicates that the variation in work readiness can be explained by these three variables, while the remaining 49.6% is explained by other factors outside this research model. The implication of this study is that the management of SOEs in Surabaya needs to prioritize improving the quality of mentoring, honing technical competencies, and strengthening the career direction of interns as primary strategies for producing a job-ready workforce.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agustin, E. I., Masrukin, & Dadan, S. (2024). Analisis Kesenjangan Ekspektasi dan Realita Hubungan Mahasiswa dan Mitra Magang dalam Program Magang Merdeka Belajar. Journal on Education, 07(01), 5225–5237.

Alhadi, E., Mariskha, Z., & Bustan, J. (2022). Pengaruh Pengalaman Kerja Praktek Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Jurusan Administrasi Bisnis Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Teknologi Dan Seni (JIIPTS), 1(1), 1–8.

Auerbach, P., & Green, F. (2024). Reformulating the Critique of Human Capital Theory. Journal of Economic Surveys, 39(5), 1839–1851. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12675

Ayuni, S., & Nio, S. R. (2025). Hubungan Career Adaptability dengan Work Readiness Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir D3 di Universitas Negeri Padang. TSAQOFAH: Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia, 5(3), 2953–2969. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i3.6050

Bouaziz, F., & Smaoui Hachicha, Z. (2018). Strategic Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Resilience. Journal of Management Development, 37(7), 537–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2017-0358

Bousrih, J., Elhaj, M., & Hassan, F. (2022). The Labor Market in The Digital Era: What Matters for The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries? Frontiers in Sociology, 7, 959091. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.959091

BPS. (2025). Pengangguran Terbuka Menurut Pendidikan Tertinggi yang Ditamatkan (Orang). Retrieved February 9, 2026, from https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/Njc0IzI=/pengangguran-terbuka-menurut-pendidikan-tertinggi-yang-ditamatkan.html

Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (2019). Social Cognitive Career Theory at 25: Progress in Studying the Domain Satisfaction and Career Self-Management Models. Journal of Career Assessment, 27(4), 563–578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072719852736

Burhanudin. (2021). Human Capital Theory Sebagai Landasan Teoritis Dalam Human Resource Development. Jurnal STIE Semarang, 13(1), 1–12.

Chang, P. C., Guo, Y., Cai, Q., & Guo, H. (2023). Proactive Career Orientation and Subjective Career Success: A Perspective of Career Construction Theory. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060503

Chui, H., Li, H., & Ngo, H. Y. (2020). Linking Protean Career Orientation with Career Optimism: Career Adaptability and Career Decision Self-Efficacy as Mediators. Journal of Career Development, 49(1), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845320912526

Clark, H. G., Hunter, A., Grayson, A., Krezmien, M., Mathur, S. R., Hall, C., & Sutter-Lorson, K. (2024). Social Cognitive Career Theory From Theory to Practice: A Model for STEM Career Development for Justice-Involved Learners A Model for STEM Career Development for Justice-Involved Learners. The Journal of Correctional Education, 75(1), 68–90. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/48761715?read-now=1&seq=5

Davila Laguna, R. F., Lizarzaburu Aguinaga, D., Caceres Torres, D. E., & Larroche Cueto, B. A. (2025). Soft Skills and The Use of Industry 4.0 as Determinants of Professional Development in Engineering Graduates: A SEM Approach. Sustainable Futures, 10, 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100742

Galiakberova, A. A. (2019). Conceptual Analysis of Education Role in Economics: The Human Capital Theory. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 8(3), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v8i3.2256

Gupta, A., Sawhney, S., Nanda, A., & Gupta, A. (2026). Building Critical System Thinking Capability in Engineering Students: A Case for Long- Term Tech Internships on Campus. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 39(2), 159–165.

Haojie, L., Taddese, E. T., Yingying, W., & Jiangping, N. (2025). The Impact of Internship Experience and Career Aspirations on The Academic Performance of Railway Electrical Automation Students in China. Frontiers in Education, 10, 1652869. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1652869

Herawati, R., & Tjahjono, H. K. (2020). The Influence of Instructional Leadership on Professional Competence Mediated by Self-Efficacy and Social Capital. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.11298

Kirani, F. F., & Chusairi, A. (2022). Tinjauan Sistematis: Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesiapan Kerja. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 9(3), 821–828. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v9i3.646

Kurniawan, A. W., Musa, M. I., Dipoatmodjo, T. S., & Nurman, N. (2020). Determinants of University Student’s Work Readiness. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 9(1), 323–331. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.A1445.059120

Layyeta, B. R., Tommy, P., & Suyasa, Y. S. (2023). Hubungan antara Kualitas Magang dan Kesesuaian Orang-Pekerjaan Pada Mahasiswa Magang. Phronesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 12(1), 40–49.

Maliki, D. O., & Rini, H. P. (2024). Pengaruh Self Efficacy dan Pengalaman Magang MSIB Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi (JIMEA), 8(3), 1397–1411.

Muspawi, M., & Lestari, A. (2020). Membangun Kesiapan Kerja Calon Tenaga Kerja. Jurnal Literasiologi, 4(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.47783/literasiologi.v4i1.138

Narain, D., & Dwivedi, R. (2023). Importance of Internship in Bridging The Gap Between Industry and Academia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Commerce, Management &Social Science (IJARCMSS), 6(3), 92–96.

Nisa, M. D., Sakinah, R., Hariyani, L., Dewi, S. H., & Anshori, M. I. (2025). The Impact of Internship on Soft Skills and Hard Skills to Improve Students’ Work Readiness. Journal of Transformational Human Resource Management, 1(1), 29–35.

Ozyilmaz, A. (2020). Hope and Human Capital Enhance Job Engagement to Improve Workplace Outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(1), 187–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12289

Peersia, K., Rappa, N. A., & Perry, L. B. (2024). Work Readiness: Definitions and Conceptualisations. Higher Education Research and Development, 43(8), 1830–1845. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2024.2366322

Priyanto, P., Widiarto, S., Darmadi, R., & Rahayu, N. (2023). Pengaruh Persepsi Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Melalui Kepuasan Praktek Kerja Lapangan Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Vokasi Pariwisata. Jurnal Kepariwisataan, 22(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.52352/jpar.v22i1.1019

Rahayu, F. S. (2021). Tingkat Kemampuan Membuat Pilihan Karir Mahasiswa. Insight: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 10(1), 2021.

Rahayu, F. S., & Abivian, M. (2020). Pengitegrasian Teori Kognitif Sosial Karir Untuk Memfasilitasi Aspek Pemahaman Diri Mahasiswa PGSD Dalam Membuat Pilihan Karir. Insight: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 9(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.21009/INSIGHT.092.01

Rahayu, M. P., Mafra, N. U., & Najib, M. (2025). Pengaruh Pengalaman Magang, Minat Kerja, dan Soft Skill terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas PGRI Palembang. Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, 22(1), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.31851/jmwe.v22i1.16678

Sakapurnama, E., & Hasan, S. A. (2023). The Effect of Internship Quality Toward Self-Perceived Employability Through The Mediation of Career-Entry Worries For Final Year Student at Universitas Indonesia. The Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM), 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2023.16.1.1

Santosa, D. F., Adil, A. S., Wikansari, R., & Oktariani, E. (2024). Improving the Internships Quality in Supporting Vocational College Students’ Job Search Success. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2024.022.01.13

Setiastuti, R., Zuhriatusobah, J., & Rahayu, Y. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Integritas, dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Departemen Weaving Produksi pada PT XYZ. JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 5(2), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.32493/JJSDM.v5i2.16516

Siregar, A. P. A., Qoyyimah, N. D., Surayya, A., Nasution, S. Y. N. F., & Siregar, D. Y. (2024). Pengaruh Magang Pendidikan Terhadap Pengembangan Kompetensi Mahasiswa. Guruku: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 2(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.59061/guruku.v2i1.567

Sugiyono. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (10th ed.). Bandung: Alfabeta.

Sulastri, & Ruzain, R. B. (2025). Perencanan Karir dan Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Universitas Islam Riau. An-Nafs: Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi, 19(1), 18–23.

Sulistiawan, H., & Kamaruzzaman. (2020). Orientasi Karir Mahasiswa Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling IKIP PGRI Pontianak. Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, XIII(2), 218–228.

Syabily, A. A., Hanifah, J., & Putra, R. R. (2024). Pengembangan Skala Career Adaptability Pada Mahasiswa Magister Berdasarkan Demografi Pengalaman Kerja. Affection: Journal of Psychology and Counseling, 1(2), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.55062

Syaipudin, L. (2025). Pengantar Penelitian Lapangan Sederhana Berbasis Jurnalistik (Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, R&D dan Studi Kepustakaan). Dawarmiyata Press LPPM STIE Al-Anwar.

Tarigan, N. M. R., & Setiawan, H. (2020). The Effect of Employee Competence on Increasing Employee Motivation in Sumut Bank of Sharia Unit, North Sumatera. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 858–867. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.913

Tentama, F., & Heryasa, M. N. (2022). Peran Perencanaan Karir terhadap Work Readiness pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan The Role of Career Planning on Work Readiness in Vocational High Schools Students. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v10i1.1582

Tiron-Tudor, A., Labaditis (Cordos), A., & Deliu, D. (2025). Future-Ready Digital Skills in the AI Era: Bridging Market Demands and Student Expectations in the Accounting Profession. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 215, 124105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124105

Wang, D., Liu, X., & Deng, H. (2022). The Perspectives of Social Cognitive Career Theory Approach in Current Times. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1023994. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023994

Yang, H., Yang, L., Chen, L., Liu, J., Cui, S., & Zhang, L. (2024). Exploring Work Readiness: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Self-Perceptions Among New Graduate Nurses. Heliyon, 10(7), e28507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28507

Downloads

Published

2026-06-05

How to Cite

Azzahra, A. N., & Prabowo, B. (2026). The Effect of Internship Quality, Professional Competence, and Career Orientation on The Work Readiness of Internship Participants at State-Owned Enterprises in Surabaya. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 13(1), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.26905/jbm.v13i1.17192