Building Entrepreneurial Intention: The Role of Education, Environment, and Self-Efficacy in Driving MSME Success
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v13i2.16057Keywords:
MSMEs, Entrepreneurship Education, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intention, Family EnvironmentAbstract
Entrepreneurship has become a crucial solution for addressing unemployment and economic inequality in Indonesia, where micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of the national economy. Recent trends, however, reveal a decrease in entrepreneurial motivation among university students, raising worries regarding the viability of MSMEs. This study examines the influence of entrepreneurship education and familial environment on students' entrepreneurial aspirations, with self-efficacy serving as a mediating variable. This study's originality lies in emphasizing the mediating function of self-efficacy within the Indonesian environment, where students encounter both opportunities and obstacles in engaging in entrepreneurial endeavors. This study utilized a quantitative survey methodology with a cross-sectional design, encompassing 221 students from several institutions in Jakarta who had engaged in entrepreneurship-related courses. Data were gathered with a standardized questionnaire and analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling. The findings demonstrate that entrepreneurship education and the familial environment substantially affect students' entrepreneurial intentions, both directly and indirectly via self-efficacy. Entrepreneurship education significantly influences self-efficacy, which in turn amplifies entrepreneurial intention. The familial environment significantly contributes to the development of pupils' confidence and drive to participate in entrepreneurial endeavors. These findings imply that fostering entrepreneurial interest among students requires not only effective curriculum design but also active family support to strengthen self-efficacy. The study recommends that universities, families, and policymakers collaborate in creating a conducive ecosystem that encourages students to pursue entrepreneurship, thereby contributing to the growth and sustainability of MSMEs in Indonesia.
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References
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Ahmed, I. (2022). Linking Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Fit, Family Support, and Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Explanatory Mechanism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959444
Ahmed, T., Chandran, V. G. R., Klobas, J., Liñán, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education Programmes: How Learning, Inspiration and Resources Affect Intentions for New Venture Creation in a Developing Economy. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327
Al Ayyubi, W. U., Setyanti, S. W. L. H., & Suroso, I. (2018). The role of self efficacy as mediating the influence of family environment and social environment on student entrepreneur interest. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(7), 33–39.
Alfan, M., & Andriansyah, E. H. (2022). Impact of Income Expectations, Family Environment on Entrepreneurial Interests with Self-Efficacy as an Intervening Variable. Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 10(3), 598. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v10i3.5218
Andriyati, R., Wardani, D. K., & Setyowibowo, F. (2024). Determinant of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention : Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Jurnal Kependidikan Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 10(1), 364. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i1.10953
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Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Vietnam: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Learning Orientation. Education + Training, 63(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-05-2020-0142
Hussain, J., Salia, S., & Karim, A. (2018). Is knowledge that powerful? Financial literacy and access to finance: An analysis of enterprises in the UK. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(6), 985–1003. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2018-0021
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Jiang, D. S., Morris, M. L., & Hayward, S. D. (2017). Raising Entrepreneurs: Can Parenting Style Amplify Entrepreneurial Intentions and Behaviours? International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 16(1/2), 13. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmed.2017.10003452
Kusumojanto, D. D., Wibowo, A., Kustiandi, J., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2021). Do entrepreneurship education and environment promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? the role of entrepreneurial attitude. Cogent Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1948660
Laurent, M., & Puspitowati, I. (2024). Efikasi Diri Sebagai Mediator Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Kecerdasan Adversitas Terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 6(2), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v6i2.29846
Li, J., Nair, S. M., & Wider, W. (2022). Effects of Family Background and Entrepreneurship Competition on Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention in China. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 10(4), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v10i4.3185
Liu, X., Lin, C., Zhao, G., & Zhao, D. (2019). Research on the effects of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(APR), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00869
Maheshwari, G., & Kha, K. L. (2022). Investigating the relationship between educational support and entrepreneurial intention in Vietnam: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100553
Mahfudzi, A. A. B., & Fitri, R. (2022). The Influence of Family Environment on Generation Z’s Entrepreneurial Intention Through Self-Efficacy. Journal of Economics Finance and Management Studies, 05(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i10-29
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Minah, T. M., & Soelaiman, L. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Dalam Membangun Jiwa Wirausaha Generasi Z Melalui Efikasi Diri Dan Pola Pikir Entrepreneurial. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 8(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v8i1.28703
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Parreira, P., Mónico, L., Carvalho, C., & Silva, A. C. R. da. (2018). Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: The Effect of Academy, Motivation, Resources, Incentives, and Self-Efficacy in the Entrepreneurship Potential. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71695
Rasulong, I., Rini, Wahjono, S. I., & Rizal, S. (2025). Fueling Growth: Entrepreneurial Intention as a Catalyst for Village Enterprises. JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Perbankan), 11(1), 85–105. https://doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v11i1.2123
Saadat, S., Aliakbari, A., Majd, A. A., & Bell, R. (2021). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Graduate Students’ Entrepreneurial Alertness and the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Mindset. Education + Training, 64(7), 892–909. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2021-0231
Salami, S. O. (2017). Examining the Emerging Entrepreneurial Mindset in Adolescence: A Study in Nigeria. International Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12431
Samala, A. D., Ganefri, G., Yulastri, A., Indarta, Y., Ranuharja, F., & Dewi, I. P. (2022). Entrepreneurial Intentions for Engineering Students: Does Entrepreneurship Education and Family Environment Matter? Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 3(4), 590–606. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v3i4.300
Shen, T., Osorio, A. E., & Settles, A. (2017). Does family support matter? The influence of support factors on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions of college students. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.10901abstract
Tentama, F., Mulasari, S. A., Sukesi, T. W., Sulistyawati, S., & Subardjo, S. (2024). Family Support, Need for Achievement, and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intentions in Vulnerable Groups. International Journal of Public Health Science (Ijphs), 13(2), 974. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23015
Turulja, L., Veselinović, L., Agić, E., & Pašić-Mesihović, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina: What Type of Support Matters? Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2713–2732. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1730216
Ugwueze, A. U., Ike, O. O., & Ugwu, L. E. (2022). Responding to Social Change: Innovativeness, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Entrepreneurial Intention in Nigeria: The Role of Family Support. Entrepreneurship Education, 5(4), 465–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-022-00082-y
Valencia-Arías, A., Arango-Botero, D., & Sánchez-Torres, J. A. (2021). Promoting Entrepreneurship Based on University Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurial Attitude, University Environment, Entrepreneurial Culture and Entrepreneurial Training. Higher Education Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(2), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-07-2020-0169
Wang, X. H., You, X., Wang, H. P., Wang, B., Lai, W. Y., & Su, N. (2023). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediation of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Moderating Model of Psychological Capital. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032562
Widyastuti, P., Hadi, S., Daryono, R. W., & Samad, N. B. A. (2023). The Mediation Role of University Environment in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Family Environment on Entrepreneurial Education Interest: A PLS-SEM Approach. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 5(3), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v5i3.22015
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Ahmed, I. (2022). Linking Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Fit, Family Support, and Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Explanatory Mechanism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959444
Ahmed, T., Chandran, V. G. R., Klobas, J., Liñán, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education Programmes: How Learning, Inspiration and Resources Affect Intentions for New Venture Creation in a Developing Economy. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327
Al Ayyubi, W. U., Setyanti, S. W. L. H., & Suroso, I. (2018). The role of self efficacy as mediating the influence of family environment and social environment on student entrepreneur interest. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 7(7), 33–39.
Alfan, M., & Andriansyah, E. H. (2022). Impact of Income Expectations, Family Environment on Entrepreneurial Interests with Self-Efficacy as an Intervening Variable. Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 10(3), 598. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v10i3.5218
Andriyati, R., Wardani, D. K., & Setyowibowo, F. (2024). Determinant of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention : Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Jurnal Kependidikan Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 10(1), 364. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i1.10953
Aulia, M., & Badawi, A. (2023). The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education, Use of Social Media, Availability of Information, Against Entrepreneurial Interests of FEB Unhar Students With Self Efficacy as Moderating Variable. International Journal of Economics and Management, 1(01), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.54209/iem.v1i01.2
Barri Mahfudzi, A. A., & Fitri, R. (2022). The Influence of Family Environment on Generation Z’s Entrepreneurial Intention through Self-Efficacy. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 05(10), 3087–3097. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i10-29
Chandra, R. A., & Budiono, H. (2019). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Niat Berwirausaha Yang Dimediasi Efikasi Diri Mahasiswa Manajemen. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 1(4), 645. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v1i4.6542
Dragin, A. S., Mijatov, M. B., Ivanović, O. M., Vuković, A. J., Džigurski, A. I., Košić, K., Knežević, M. N., Tomić, S., Stankov, U., Vujičić, M. D., Stojanović, V., Bibić, L. I., Ðerčan, B., & Stoiljković, A. (2022). Entrepreneurial Intention of Students (Managers in Training): Personal and Family Characteristics. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(12), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127345
Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100458
Gunarso, M. T., & Selamat, F. (2020). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Education, and Family Background on Entrepreneurship Intention with Self-efficacy as a Mediating Variable in Final Year Undergraduate Students in Jakarta. 478(Ticash), 624–628. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.097
Hassan, H. M. K. (2020). Intention towards social entrepreneurship of university students in an emerging economy: the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education. On the Horizon, 28(3), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-04-2020-0012
Hieu, L. Q., & Loan, N. T. (2022). Role of Entrepreneurial Competence, Entrepreneurial Education, Family Support and Entrepreneurship Policy in Forming Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Decision. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 16(1), 204–221.
Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Vietnam: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Learning Orientation. Education + Training, 63(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-05-2020-0142
Hussain, J., Salia, S., & Karim, A. (2018). Is knowledge that powerful? Financial literacy and access to finance: An analysis of enterprises in the UK. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 25(6), 985–1003. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-01-2018-0021
Indyastuti, D. L., Suwandari, L., & Fitrijati, K. R. (2021). The relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial self efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in housewives context. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 14(2), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v14i2.9715
Jiang, D. S., Morris, M. L., & Hayward, S. D. (2017). Raising Entrepreneurs: Can Parenting Style Amplify Entrepreneurial Intentions and Behaviours? International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 16(1/2), 13. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmed.2017.10003452
Kusumojanto, D. D., Wibowo, A., Kustiandi, J., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2021). Do entrepreneurship education and environment promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? the role of entrepreneurial attitude. Cogent Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1948660
Laurent, M., & Puspitowati, I. (2024). Efikasi Diri Sebagai Mediator Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Kecerdasan Adversitas Terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha. Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan, 6(2), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmk.v6i2.29846
Li, J., Nair, S. M., & Wider, W. (2022). Effects of Family Background and Entrepreneurship Competition on Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention in China. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 10(4), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v10i4.3185
Liu, X., Lin, C., Zhao, G., & Zhao, D. (2019). Research on the effects of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(APR), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00869
Maheshwari, G., & Kha, K. L. (2022). Investigating the relationship between educational support and entrepreneurial intention in Vietnam: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100553
Mahfudzi, A. A. B., & Fitri, R. (2022). The Influence of Family Environment on Generation Z’s Entrepreneurial Intention Through Self-Efficacy. Journal of Economics Finance and Management Studies, 05(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v5-i10-29
Malebana, M. J., & Swanepoel, E. (2019). The Relationship Between Exposure to Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Southern African Business Review, 18(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/5630
Minah, T. M., & Soelaiman, L. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Dalam Membangun Jiwa Wirausaha Generasi Z Melalui Efikasi Diri Dan Pola Pikir Entrepreneurial. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 8(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v8i1.28703
Nguyen, A. T., Do, T. H. H., Vu, T. B. T., Dang, K. A., & Nguyen, H. L. (2019). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions among youths in Vietnam. Children and Youth Services Review, 99(November 2018), 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.039
Parlyna, R., Susanto, P., Abror, A., & Marsal, A. (2023). Analysis of Religiosity and MSME’s Performance: the Mediating Role of Enterpreneurial Orientation. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 14(2), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v14i2.48009
Parreira, P., Mónico, L., Carvalho, C., & Silva, A. C. R. da. (2018). Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: The Effect of Academy, Motivation, Resources, Incentives, and Self-Efficacy in the Entrepreneurship Potential. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71695
Rasulong, I., Rini, Wahjono, S. I., & Rizal, S. (2025). Fueling Growth: Entrepreneurial Intention as a Catalyst for Village Enterprises. JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Perbankan), 11(1), 85–105. https://doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v11i1.2123
Saadat, S., Aliakbari, A., Majd, A. A., & Bell, R. (2021). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education on Graduate Students’ Entrepreneurial Alertness and the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Mindset. Education + Training, 64(7), 892–909. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2021-0231
Salami, S. O. (2017). Examining the Emerging Entrepreneurial Mindset in Adolescence: A Study in Nigeria. International Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12431
Samala, A. D., Ganefri, G., Yulastri, A., Indarta, Y., Ranuharja, F., & Dewi, I. P. (2022). Entrepreneurial Intentions for Engineering Students: Does Entrepreneurship Education and Family Environment Matter? Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 3(4), 590–606. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v3i4.300
Shen, T., Osorio, A. E., & Settles, A. (2017). Does family support matter? The influence of support factors on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions of college students. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.10901abstract
Tentama, F., Mulasari, S. A., Sukesi, T. W., Sulistyawati, S., & Subardjo, S. (2024). Family Support, Need for Achievement, and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intentions in Vulnerable Groups. International Journal of Public Health Science (Ijphs), 13(2), 974. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23015
Turulja, L., Veselinović, L., Agić, E., & Pašić-Mesihović, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial Intention of Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina: What Type of Support Matters? Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2713–2732. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1730216
Ugwueze, A. U., Ike, O. O., & Ugwu, L. E. (2022). Responding to Social Change: Innovativeness, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Entrepreneurial Intention in Nigeria: The Role of Family Support. Entrepreneurship Education, 5(4), 465–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-022-00082-y
Valencia-Arías, A., Arango-Botero, D., & Sánchez-Torres, J. A. (2021). Promoting Entrepreneurship Based on University Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurial Attitude, University Environment, Entrepreneurial Culture and Entrepreneurial Training. Higher Education Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(2), 328–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-07-2020-0169
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