Implementasi Theory of Planned Behavior terhadap Entrepreneurial Intention:  Efek Moderasi Entrepreneurship Education dan Gender

Okto Aditya Suryawirawan; Wiwiek Srikandi Shabrie; Krido Eko Cahyono

doi:10.26905/jmdk.v9i2.6367

Implementasi Theory of Planned Behavior terhadap Entrepreneurial Intention: Efek Moderasi Entrepreneurship Education dan Gender

Okto Aditya Suryawirawan, Wiwiek Srikandi Shabrie, Krido Eko Cahyono

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of college students in Surabaya. Purposive sampling was used towards 220 college students. The criteria of the samples were students who already took entrepreneurship subject for bachelor degree and entrepreneurship practicum for vocational studies. This study used Mann-Whitney U-Test through SPSS and partial least squares through SmartPLS. This study finds: 1) attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive significant impact towards entrepreneurial intention, 2) entrepreneurship education has a positive significant impact towards entrepreneurial intention,3) entrepreneurship education failed to moderate any of the theory of planned behavior variables effect toward entrepreneurial intention, 4) gender failed to moderate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, 5) there was no difference on the level of entrepreneurial intention between male and female college students, 6) there was no difference on the level of entrepreneurial intention between bachelor degree and vocational studies students.

Keywords

Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Intention, Gender, Theory of Planned Behavior

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and Operation of Attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice-Hall.

Al-Jubari, I. (2019a). College students’ entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019853467.

Al-Jubari, I. (2019b). College students’ entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019853467.

ALOULOU, W. J. (2016). Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions of Final Year Saudi University Business Students by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23, 1142–1164. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2016-0028

Anderson, A., & Jack, S. (2008). Role typologies for enterprising education: The professional artisan? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810871664

APJII. (2017). Infografis Penetrasi & Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia.

Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499.

Arranz, N., Ubierna, F., Arroyabe, M. F., Perez, C., & de Arroyabe, J. C. (2017). The effect of curricular and extracurricular activities on university students’ entrepreneurial intention and competences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), 1979–2008.

Athayde, R. (2009). Measuring enterprise potential in young people. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 481–500.

Atmaja, A. T., & Margunani, M. (2016). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dan Aktivitas Wirausaha terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Semarang. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 5(3), 774.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional 2016 Agustus.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Berita Resmi Statistik 5 November 2019.

Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta–analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095

Billah, H. M. (2019). Kewirausahaan Kunci Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Liputan 6. https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4079235/kewirausahaan-kunci-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-indonesia

Bird, B. (1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13. https://doi.org/10.2307/258091

Bryant, P. T. (2006). Improving entrepreneurial education through self-regulatory skills. VentureWell. Proceedings of Open, the Annual Conference, 279.

Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316.

Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure.

Dinc, M., & Budic, S. (2016). The Impact of Personal Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioural Control on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Women. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 2016, 23–35. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2016.017.02

Ditjen Pendidikan Vokasi. (2020). Rencana Strategis (Renstra) Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Vokasi 2020-2024.

Duval-Couetil, N., Shartrand, A., & Reed, T. (2016). The role of entrepreneurship program models and experiential activities on engineering student outcomes. Advances in Engineering Education, 5(1), n1. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1090582.pdf

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt brace Jovanovich college publishers.

Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A Primer for Soft Modeling. University of Akron Press.

Ferreira, J. J., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R., Dinis, A., & Paço, A. (2012). A Model of Entrepreneurial Intention: An Application of the Psychological and Behavioral Approaches. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19, 424–440. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211250144

Fiore, E., Sansone, G., Paolucci, E., & Xi, C. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education in a Multidisciplinary Environment: Evidence from an Entrepreneurship Programme Held in Turin. Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010028

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research, 27.

Gartner, W., & Katz, J. (1988). Properties of Emerging Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 13. https://doi.org/10.2307/258090

GEM. (2018). Global entrepreneurship monitor – 2017/2018 global report, global entrepreneurship research association (GERA).

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Hult, G. T. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Hartono, H. (2021). Changing University Students’ Mindset: From Job Seekers to Job Creators. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 18. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v18i1.3026

Hendarman, --. (2011). Kajian Kebijakan PMW (Program Mahasiswa Wirausaha). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 17(6), 635–646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v17i6.55

Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship Education and Training: Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught? Part II. Education + Training, 47, 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510586524

Hien, D. T. T., & Cho, S. E. (2018). Relationship between entrepreneurship education and innovative start-up intentions among university students. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 22(3), 1–16. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/relationship-between-entrepreneurship-education-and-innovative-startup-intentions-among-university-students-7456.html

Hoang, G., Le, T. T. T., Tran, A. K. T., & Du, T. (2021). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Vietnam: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning orientation. Education + Training, 63(1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-05-2020-0142

Hua, S., & Ren, Z. (2020). “Online+ Offline” course teaching based on case teaching method: a case study of entrepreneurship education course. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(10), 69–85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i10.13999

Johnstone, L., Monteiro, M. P., Ferreira, I., Westerlund, J., Aalto, R., & Marttinen, J. (2018). Language ability and entrepreneurship education: Necessary skills for Europe’s start-ups? Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 16(3), 369–397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-018-0230-y

Jun, H. Y. (2016). Self-Efficacy as Moderator in Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Comparison between Korean and Chinese University Students. The Journal of Small Business Innovation, 19(1), 17–35.

Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J. A., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education: A study of Iranian students’ entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity identification. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 187–209.

Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432.

Kundu, S., & Rani, S. (2008). Human resources’ entrepreneurial attitude orientation by gender and background: A study of Indian Air Force trainees. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development - Int J Manag Enterprise Dev, 5. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMED.2008.015908

Kusmintarti, A., Ismanu, S., & Riwajanti, N. (2018). Gender as a Moderator of the Influence Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intention. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7, 469. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18360

Lelliezzia, P., Musadeq, A., & Arik, P. (2020). Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Characters Toward Entrepreneurial Intention with Business Motivation as Intervening. Wacana Journal of Social and Humanity Studies, 23(3).

Liñán, F., & Chen, Y.-W. (2009). Development and Cross-Cultural Application of A Specific Instrument to Measure Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x

LO, C., Sun, H., & Law, K. (2012). Comparing the Entrepreneurial Intention between Female and Male Engineering Students: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, 1, 28–50.

Lucky, E. O., & Minai, M. S. (2014). A qualitative study of the attitudes of the would-be graduates towards entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Journal, Ii, 2, 128–134.

Mahfud, T., Triyono, M. B., Sudira, P., & Mulyani, Y. (2020a). The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 33–39.

Mahfud, T., Triyono, M. B., Sudira, P., & Mulyani, Y. (2020b). The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 33–39.

Matlay, H. (2005). Entrepreneurship Education in UK Business Schools: Conceptual, Contextual and Policy Considerations. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12, 627–643. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000510628270

Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, L. T. P., Phan, H. T. T., & Vu, A. T. (2021). Impact of Entrepreneurship Extracurricular Activities and Inspiration on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032174

Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries. Studies in Higher Education, 44, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359

Ozaralli, N., & Rivenburgh, N. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intention: antecedents to entrepreneurial behavior in the USA and Turkey. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), 3.

Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970–985.

Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080656

Rahayu, N. (2019). Pertumbuhan E-Commerce Pesat di Indonesia. Warta Ekonomi. https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read216302/pertumbuhan-e-commerce-pesat-di-indonesia.html

Rizkinaswara, L. (2018). 1000 Startup Digital. Direktorat Jenderal Aplikasi Informatika. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2018/11/1000-startup-digitall/

Shook, C., & Bratianu, C. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent in a transitional economy: An application of the theory of planned behavior to Romanian students. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6, 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0091-2

Stokes, D., Wilson, N., & Mador, M. (2010). Entrepreneurship. Cengage Learning.

Suryawirawan, O. A. (2020). Theory of Planned Behavior Approach and Gender Differences on Students’ Intention to Practice Online Business. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 10, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v10i2.19398

Susilaningsih, --. (2015). PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI: PENTINGKAH UNTUK SEMUA PROFESI? Jurnal Economia, 11(1), 9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v11i1.7748

UKM Indonesia. (2019). Bantuan Pemerintah bagi Wirausaha Pemula Tahun 2019. UKM Indonesia. https://www.ukmindonesia.id/baca-deskripsi-program/106#:~:text=Dalam rangka menumbuhkan wirausaha pemula,000 untuk masing-masing WP

Xiaoxing, Q. (2020). Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education. Higher Education Research, 5(6), 209. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.her.20200506.11

Yang, J. (2013). The Theory of Planned Behavior and Prediction of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Chinese Undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.3.367

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v9i2.6367