Correction and Retraction Policy

JP (Jurnal Penelitian), published by the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) at the University of Merdeka Malang, is committed to maintaining the integrity, accuracy, and completeness of the scholarly record. We recognize that honest human errors, technical oversights, or academic misconduct can occasionally occur.

In accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), JP (Jurnal Penelitian) enforces a clear policy for correcting, clarifying, expressing concern about, or retracting published articles.

1. Amendments to Published Articles

Once an article is published online, it is considered the definitive Version of Record. Minor textual changes (such as fixing typos or formatting) that do not alter the scientific meaning of the article will not be made directly without a formal notice.

Significant changes are handled through four formal mechanisms:

  1. Erratum (Publisher Errors)

  2. Corrigendum (Author Errors)

  3. Addendum (Additional Material)

  4. Retraction (Invalidation of Results)

2. Erratum and Corrigendum (Corrections)

Corrections are published when an error or omission affects the scientific integrity, readability, or context of a paper, but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions.

  • Erratum: Issued to correct a significant error introduced by the journal during the editing, typesetting, or production process (e.g., missing table columns, distorted figures, or typographical errors in mathematical equations).

  • Corrigendum: Issued to correct an error made by the author(s) prior to publication (e.g., error in parameter calculation, omitted author/acknowledgment, mislabeled image, or incorrect affiliation).

  • Correction Process:

    • A formal Correction Notice will be published in the next available issue.

    • The notice will clearly state the location of the error, the original text/data, and the corrected version.

    • The original article on the journal portal will be updated (or linked) with a prominent banner directing readers to the published correction notice.

3. Addendum

An Addendum is published if crucial additional information—such as missing technical details, essential dataset access, or additional ethical disclosures—becomes available after publication, provided it clarifies or strengthens the original work without altering its core findings.

4. Expressions of Concern

The Editor-in-Chief may publish an Expression of Concern regarding a published article under the following circumstances:

  • There is well-founded, credible evidence of research or publication misconduct (e.g., data manipulation, plagiarism, or conflict of interest), but an institutional investigation is ongoing or inconclusive.

  • The investigation into an allegation is taking an extended period, and the journal deems it necessary to alert the scientific community promptly.

An Expression of Concern will be linked to the published paper until a final resolution or decision is made.

5. Retractions

Retraction is a severe mechanism used to correct the literature when a published paper’s findings, conclusions, or ethical foundations are fundamentally flawed or unreliable.

Grounds for Retraction:

In alignment with COPE Retraction Guidelines, an article will be retracted if:

  • Misconduct: There is clear evidence of data fabrication, data falsification, plagiarism, or unauthorized image/graphic manipulation.

  • Redundant/Duplicate Publication: The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification.

  • Honest Errors: Unreliable or invalid conclusions resulting from major computational/methodological errors or unrepeatable experimental setup.

  • Ethical Violations: Major breaches of research ethics, lack of institutional approval, or undisclosed severe conflicts of interest.

Retraction Procedure:

  1. Initiation: Retractions may be initiated by the Editor-in-Chief, suggested by peer reviewers/readers, or requested by the authors or their home institution (LPPM or external university).

  2. Notice Publication: A formal Retraction Notice titled "Retraction: [Article Title]" will be published in the journal. It will specify who is retracting the paper and state the exact reasons for the retraction.

  3. Version of Record Preservation: To preserve historical academic records, the original article PDF will not be removed from the website. Instead:

    • A prominent "RETRACTED" watermark will be applied across every page of the PDF.

    • The HTML page/metadata will explicitly show that the paper has been retracted, accompanied by a link to the formal Retraction Notice.

6. Article Removal (Exceptional Circumstances)

In extremely rare and legal circumstances, an article may be completely removed from the online portal. This only occurs if:

  • The content is clearly defamatory or infringes upon legal rights.

  • A court or legal order requires the immediate removal of the document.

  • The article contains information that poses a serious health or safety risk to the public if acted upon.

In such cases, the text will be removed, but a metadata page will remain stating that the paper has been removed for legal or safety reasons.

Contact for Inquiries and Notifications

Authors or readers who discover errors or potential grounds for correction/retraction in any paper published in JP (Jurnal Penelitian) are encouraged to contact the Editorial Team immediately:

  • Email: [email protected]

  • Publisher: Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM), University of Merdeka Malang