Correction and Retraction

EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka): Culture, Language, and Teaching of English is committed to maintaining the integrity, accuracy, and completeness of the scholarly record. On rare occasions, it may be necessary to publish corrections to, or retractions of, articles published in the journal to uphold academic standards.

EnJourMe follows the guidelines and flowcharts established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for handling corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern.

1. Corrections (Errata and Corrigenda)

Corrections are published when errors are identified in a published article that affect the accuracy or clarity of the text, tables, or figures, but do not invalidate the overall findings, scientific integrity, or conclusions of the paper.

  • Erratum: Used to correct a significant error introduced by the journal during the editing or production process.

  • Corrigendum: Used to correct a significant error made by the author(s) during research or manuscript preparation.

Handling Procedure for Corrections:

  • A formal Correction notice will be published in the next available issue and linked bi-directionally to the original published article.

  • The original article (PDF and HTML) will remain accessible, with a prominent note/banner indicating that a Correction has been issued.

  • Minor typographical errors, formatting issues, or minor spelling mistakes that do not affect the meaning or understanding of the text will not warrant a formal Correction notice.

2. Retractions

Retractions are reserved for articles with severe errors or ethical violations that render the findings, results, or conclusions unreliable or invalid.

Reasons for Retraction include, but are not limited to:

  • Clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, whether as a result of major misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or falsification) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).

  • Plagiarism, redundant publication, or unauthorized use of data without permission.

  • Failure to disclose major conflicts of interest that undermine the validity of the work.

  • Unethical research practices or breach of publication ethics.

Handling Procedure for Retractions:

  • A formal Retraction Notice titled "Retraction: [Article Title]" will be published in the current issue and linked directly to the retracted article.

  • The Retraction Notice will clearly state who is retracting the article (authors, editors, or publisher) and the reason for the retraction.

  • To maintain the permanent integrity of the scientific record, the original PDF of the article will remain accessible on the website, but will be clearly marked with a "RETRACTED" watermark on each page.

  • The HTML version of the article will display a prominent notice stating that the paper has been retracted.

3. Expressions of Concern

The Editorial Board may issue an Expression of Concern when:

  • There is well-founded evidence of research or publication misconduct, but the authors' institution has not yet completed its investigation.

  • An investigation is inconclusive, or a resolution is expected to take a prolonged period.

  • Editors receive strong indications of unreliability, but there is insufficient evidence to justify an immediate retraction.

Once the investigation is completed, the Expression of Concern will be resolved and replaced by either a formal Retraction, a Correction, or a formal statement exonerating the paper.

4. Article Removal

In extremely rare and exceptional circumstances, EnJourMe may remove an article from its online platform entirely. Removal will only occur if:

  • The article is blatantly defamatory or infringes upon legal rights.

  • The court or a legal authority issues a binding order to remove the content.

  • The article poses a serious physical or health hazard if its contents are implemented.

In such cases, the article metadata (title, authors, abstract) will remain on the site, accompanied by a statement explaining why the full text was removed.

5. Reporting and Inquiries

Authors, readers, or reviewers who identify serious errors or ethical concerns in any published paper are urged to contact the Editorial Office immediately at [email protected] with the subject line "Correction/Retraction Inquiry - [Article Title]".